Langston Hughes

He wrote poetry and short fiction for the Belfry Owl, the school's literary gagging, and edited the school yearbook. It was the summer of 1919 when he visited his father in Mexico for the first time. That visit proved to almost be his moral demise b cause his father was materialistic and, ironically was prejudiced against blacks, Mexicans, and Indians. He thought of them as lazy and ignorant. This changed Hughes perception of hi myself and other minorities.When Hughes graduated from high school in 1 920, he returned to Mexico, where he taught English for a year and wrote poems and literature pieces for publication in the Crisis, the magazine of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored people In the early sass, Hughes worked as a dishwasher boy in Paris. One year late r, he enrolled at the Columbia University in New York. His freshman year, he droop deed out of college and worked a series of odd jobs to support his mother. In 1 923 Hughes Signs d on as a cabin boy on a merchant freighter en route to West Africa.In 1 925 he resettled with his mother and half brother in D. C. While continuing his writing and poetry. In 1 925 in May and Au just, Hughes verses garnered him literary prizes from both Opportunity magazine and the Crisis. Four months later, Hughes worked as a busboy at a Washington D. C. Hotel, and attracted t he attention of the poet, Vacate Lindsay, by placing three of his poems on his dinner table. Later on that evening, Lindsay read his poems to an audience and announced his discovery of a † En grog busboy poet†. Photographers and reports were eagerly wanting to meet him the next day.His friends, family, and other writers inspired Hughes to write. His style of Poe try, is free verse. One of my favorite poems by Hughes is called Dreams. Some other one s that he wrote that people best know him for are â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers†, and â€Å"l too Sing A America†. In 1930, Hughes got a Harmon Gold Medal for Literature. In 1948 he got Honorary Doc tort of Letters, Lincoln University, and also got his PHD. Longboats Hughes died on May 22, 1 967, in New York. He has inspired a great deal of us, including Alice Walker who wrote an illustrated book about him. Langston Hughes He wrote poetry and short fiction for the Belfry Owl, the school's literary gagging, and edited the school yearbook. It was the summer of 1919 when he visited his father in Mexico for the first time. That visit proved to almost be his moral demise b cause his father was materialistic and, ironically was prejudiced against blacks, Mexicans, and Indians. He thought of them as lazy and ignorant. This changed Hughes perception of hi myself and other minorities.When Hughes graduated from high school in 1 920, he returned to Mexico, where he taught English for a year and wrote poems and literature pieces for publication in the Crisis, the magazine of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored people In the early sass, Hughes worked as a dishwasher boy in Paris. One year late r, he enrolled at the Columbia University in New York. His freshman year, he droop deed out of college and worked a series of odd jobs to support his mother. In 1 923 Hughes Signs d on as a cabin boy on a merchant freighter en route to West Africa.In 1 925 he resettled with his mother and half brother in D. C. While continuing his writing and poetry. In 1 925 in May and Au just, Hughes verses garnered him literary prizes from both Opportunity magazine and the Crisis. Four months later, Hughes worked as a busboy at a Washington D. C. Hotel, and attracted t he attention of the poet, Vacate Lindsay, by placing three of his poems on his dinner table. Later on that evening, Lindsay read his poems to an audience and announced his discovery of a † En grog busboy poet†. Photographers and reports were eagerly wanting to meet him the next day.His friends, family, and other writers inspired Hughes to write. His style of Poe try, is free verse. One of my favorite poems by Hughes is called Dreams. Some other one s that he wrote that people best know him for are â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers†, and â€Å"l too Sing A America†. In 1930, Hughes got a Harmon Gold Medal for Literature. In 1948 he got Honorary Doc tort of Letters, Lincoln University, and also got his PHD. Longboats Hughes died on May 22, 1 967, in New York. He has inspired a great deal of us, including Alice Walker who wrote an illustrated book about him. Langston Hughes

Motorcycle Diaries Film Exam Essay

The movie Motorcycle Diaries is about to friends Ernesto Guevara who has the nickname â€Å"fuser† and Alberto Granado. Ernesto is a doctor in the process; he has taken a break from his studies to go on a trip, and Alberto is a biochemist. These two friends set off on a journey that starts off in Buenos Aries to travel across the whole region of South America on a motorcycle. From the beginning these two friends have the same idea, to go have fun and just have sex with the beautiful women they come across on the way. With many troubles to come they find themselves with new challenges that they must overcome. Through out the journey they begin to realize that there is more going on through out the world than what is seen by the human eye. Motorcycle diaries showed the neo-colonialist take over of foreign countries and powers. The example that showed this was that of the American mining company: Anaconda mining company. The reason for the American mining company to go to South America was because they can find cheap labor as well as cheap raw materials because the country needs to find a way to enhance its own economic struggles. By finding a country that is in dire need to raise some funds for themselves the companies see a chance to corrupt the deal, whether it being by making child labor, low wages, no benefits, and countless others. It also showed the traditional colonialism because from the anaconda mining company the workers that choose which men they will allow to work place themselves as a higher power so they are creating hierarchies, they are coming from an other country: taking the land to use for their needs, and taking the raw materials from the foreign country to grow for their own nation. It is basically both forms of colonialism combined. In the beginning of the movie Ernesto is only occupied with one thing, to have sex with beauties around South America; he is a sex addict sort of speak. Ernesto being born into a family that is well off has a good house, healthy family, and almost no problems to worry about. In the start of the travel he experiences just mechanical problems with the motorcycle and emotional conflicts with Alberto. When the bike constantly starts to break down they are forced to hitchhike on the back of trucks filled with poor indigenous natives, sees how they have to sleep, how they live and the basic problems of being poor. More through out their travel Ernesto instead of just realizing what is going on with the poor people he begins to care and wonder. While he is in a village he is asked to treat a sick woman even though he takes a look at her and knows that he can not do anything he leaves her medicine to try and help her for at least a little while. He begins to ask everyone he meets what has happened to his or her village and as to him or her as well. While staying with some of the people who are not in the greatest place he reads stories and books written from the poor persons point of view and own experiences. With the care towards the people with the least he starts to join the poor and sick. The first action that leads to this is when he gives his 15 dollars he has received from his ex girlfriend to a homeless and poor couple that has to keep traveling to get work to survive. His final step through the journey was that he joined the people who have close to nothing, in a figurative sense. While at the institute for the sick patients he beings to bond with them even more, starts talking to the sick patients about his personal life and giving them surgeries that will help them recover. He realizes that through out the world there is many boundaries that have been created but not by companies but by mankind themselves. To prove that these boundaries can be broken on the night of his birthday he decides to swim across a huge river separating the sick and the healthy to celebrate with them all; brining them together.

EU and the transport policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

EU and the transport policy - Essay Example Furthermore, the creation of one market or single market like the EU needs a well developed transport industry. Policies play an important role in shaping a transport industry which will increase the economy of the countries involved. The EU Transport Policy The policy adopted by the EU seeks to find ways of creation of an economical transport sector so that it can curve in major challenges in the industry like road congestion, barriers to transport systems and emission of green house gases such CO2. Additionally, the policy helps in the creation of infrastructure for the transport industry, investment in the industry and innovation. Furthermore the use of fossil fuels by the machines in the transport sector is also addressed by the policy. The policy was meant to tackle challenges facing EU nations with regard to the transport sector like road congestion and cross-border tariffs. This paper will address the policies made by the EU for the transport industry and the achievements they have made since the creation of such policies (Rodenburg et al 2002). The European countries came together with policies for transport systems such as roads, rail and inland waterways. The EU common markets pushed for a common transport policy because they encouraged free movement of goods and people throughout Europe. The policy signed in 1957 called the treaty of Rome was meant to allow free movement of goods and people across all the nations in Europe but the policy was not taken seriously until 1980 (Ionescu, 2012). The policy was only put into use after a court process which took place in 1983 involving the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers. This increased the process of the formation of a single market involving European countries with the inclusion of transport in the act which was signed. Ionescu (2012), shows that the signing of the single treaty made many changes in the transport industries which also gave a chance for Europeans countries to work together a cross different states. The treaty signed was also meant to address cases of environmental degradation caused by pollution. The policy was for the development of rail, road and waterway structures. This is because there had been disparities in transport systems in European countries with most Western countries having better and well developed transport systems, mostly high-speed rail systems, than that of the Eastern European countries. Furthermore the policy was made to address environmental challenges as mentioned above. The main target of the policy was to address the development of the rail system, roads and waterways. The combination of the three transport systems is referred to as the Transport European Networks (TENs). The European Union transport policy was made to tackle the creation of transport infrastructure which would link Eastern and Western Europe. This was later addressed in a white paper singed in 2004. The policies in the white paper were later changed in 2011 to make three changes by 2050. For example, the EU is to stop the use of more fossil fuel and find alternative energy, increase the use of the rail system, and use fuel in the aviation industry producing less than 40% carbon. The policy was meant to ease movement of freight and people across national boundaries hence the border tariffs would be removed (Ionescu 2012). The EU is committed in applying the set policies and has so far achieved the set targets. Goals of the EU policy The reduction of

Diversity in the workplace in Singapore. 'Surface-level diversity' and Essay

Diversity in the workplace in Singapore. 'Surface-level diversity' and 'Deep-level diversity' - Essay Example Diversity is used as an umbrella term to represent the dissimilarity of the individuals that make a team on the basis of their individualistic characteristics (Jackson, 1992). Surface-level diversity has been referred to as visible (Pelled, 1996) and demographic (Williams and O’Reilly, 1998) and is conventionally understood as inclusive of such variables as gender, ethnic origin and age (Harrison et al., 2002; Lawrence, 1997; Tsui et al., 1995). Denying demographic attributes is cumbersome, though people may find several ways to categorize themselves. Deep-level diversity, on the other hand, reflects a disparity of characteristics that are not apparently noticeable. Such characteristics include but are not limited to viewpoint, ideology, extremism and connectedness. Managers need to have a fair understanding of both in order to deal with the frequently arising problems in the contemporary workplace. With the rapid expansion of economies over the last twenty years, diversity and inclusion have become factors of extreme significance in many Asian countries including Philippines, Hong Kong and Singapore. Increased workforce diversity in these countries can fundamentally be attributed to the fact that more women enjoy management positions in organizations in these countries as compared to the trend in US or Europe. According to 20-First (n.d.), Singapore’s share of women senior managers is the maximum among all Asian nations. In their research, Dimovski, Skerlavaj, and Man (2010) examined if growth of women managers in the organizations of Singapore are restrained by a glass ceiling. The term â€Å"glass ceiling† is a â€Å"well enshrined phenomenon supported by conclusive evidence† (Simpson and Atlman, 2003). Dimovski, Skerlavaj, and Man (2010) studied the perceptions of female mid-level managers in Singapore regarding whether or not they have to deal with a gl ass ceiling in the workplace with respect to corporate climate, corporate culture and the general practices. Dimovski, Skerlavaj, and Man (2010) concluded that the promotion of female managers in the Singapore organizations is inhibited. Female mid-level managers expressed lack of development opportunities including initiatives that are family-friendly, mentoring and networking. 32.5 per cent of the respondents said they had encountered the invisible women syndrome in the workplace and 37.5 per cent women managers said that the judgment of their work performance was unfair. 35 per cent respondents of these respondents said that the organization in which they worked valued diversity and had a corporate climate. Women expressed dissatisfaction for the organizational practices and culture in place and rendered them generally unsupportive for them. Despite this, when so many women express dissatisfaction towards the work environment, it means much needs to be done in order to address th e concerns of surface-level diversity and deep-level diversity. A lot of women managers in Singapore are still caught in the issues of sexual harassment and intellectual underestimation. Surface-level diversity is visualized as a potential threat by many local workers of Singapore because of the managers’ biased behavior in favor of the foreign workers in general and the Chinese workers in particular. Singapore has

Young and restless in china Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Young and restless in china - Essay Example doctrine and emergence of open trade economic system based on the capitalism, current Chinese capitalist economy presents immense opportunities for personal growth and prosperity. However, in the process of materialistic growth and development, Chinese youth finds itself stuck in the middle of clashes between traditional Chinese values and rapidly growing Western ideologies in the country (Williams & Dietz, 2008). The documentary has captured this struggle of a young Chinese generation to balance between the old and new virtues through the stories of nine young Chinese people. Out of these nine, the present paper analyzes the story of one character, Miranda Hong who is a successful marketing executive in advertising branch of a mutual fund corporate company (Williams & Dietz, 2008). Miranda Hong is an ambitious, young woman. She has been always dedicated and serious about her life goals, work, and career. However, since the early young age, she had to take some crucial decisions which significantly influenced her career progress. In 2003, Miranda successfully completed her MBA from the business institution in Shanghai, which is considered as one of the topmost and reputed universities in the country. Soon after her graduation, Miranda had to take a critical decision whether to settle in Shanghai or return to Beijing. Miranda’s husband and parents live in Beijing. In terms of her career, Shanghai was the best choice to live as there were vast opportunities. Despite being aware of this fact, Miranda Hong opted to return to her family in Beijing, giving priorities to her family duties and responsibilities rather than own career (Williams & Dietz, 2008). Further, while working in a mutual fund investment company, Miranda faced a dilemma of continuing or quit ting the job. Miranda was working in an advertising section of the company and working on the projects which were meant to promote the company’s mutual fund policies, focusing common and senior citizens.

Depictions of a decision tree Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Depictions of a decision tree - Essay Example Overall incidence rates reported in 2011, per 100,000 populations are as follows: Due to my chosen reported symptoms and recorded parameters regarding doctor’s findings regarding Leukemia in children, it is important to note that childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in children, representing 23% of cancer diagnoses among children who are younger than 15 years of age. ALL occurs in about one of every 29,000 children in the United States each year, and that for AML is about 11000 leukemia cases annually. Approximately, 700 cases of AML occur in people under the age of 20 each year. Due to this aspect pertaining the disease, it is critical to identify this when breaking down statistical data viewing of the group ‘leukemia’ as a whole (Else, Ruchlemer, & Osuji, 2005). It is also important to know the background information pertaining to Leukemia, with regards to race/ethnicity, since the data used involved multiple races and ethnic groups. Leukemia death rate was 7.6 per 100,000 men and women annually. To come up with these rates, people who died in 1998-2002 in the United States were analyzed. The table bellow shows the death rates in accordance to race and gender. Thus, Leukemia in 1st world countries like the US, has an approximate base rate occurrence of 1/10,000 children under the age of 15. Some of the risk factors for leukemia in children include the following: The most known symptoms pertain such things as looking pale, bleeding /bruising easily, regular cases of fever, shortness of breath especially after a small physical activity, and recurrent infections. Examination to identify this disease has a false affirmative toll of 5%– that is, 5% of the time that it says a child has the disease is false. Thus, the false negative rate is 0%– the test correctly diagnoses every child who does have the disease (Gribben, 2008). Despite the test being precise more than 90% of the time, it

Managerial Economics Resit Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managerial Economics Resit Assignment - Essay Example However, in a free market economy, price is highly influenced by the market forces of demand and supply and the utility or the value customers are expecting from a commodity is also influenced by these market forces. This paper addresses factors that determine the price of computers in a free market and explain why computer price has continued to fall even while the demand constantly increased. Price determinants of computer in free market Free market is a market system with few government restrictions on how a product or service can be produced and marketed or on how a factor of production can be employed (Kates, 2011). Government in all other market systems do intervene in matters regarding how a good or service can be produced and marketed and how factors of production such as land, labor, capital and organization can be employed more than in the case of free market. As there are relatively few government restrictions in countries like United States and Canada, their economies are said to be closer to free-market economy. In a free market economy, price is determined by the market forces of demand and supply. Consumers are willing to pay for a goods or service only if they are worth the price. Similarly, suppliers are ready to produce and market only if consumers are ready to pay for them. Market equilibrium occurs when market demand and supply are equal and this is how the price of a commodity is determined. Thus, value or utility of the commodity and willingness to pay are significant factors that determine the demand and supply forces in the market. In a free market mechanism, price is never affected by outside forces such as government restrictions. The resources are allocated by the spending decisions of millions of consumers and producers. As governments place no or relatively very less restrictions on what can be bought and sold, owners of factors of production and producers of goods and services have fuller right to buy and sell whatever they own thr ough the market system. When it comes to computers in a free-market, the price is determined according to the demand and supply forces. As depicted in the table and graph below, price of computers in a free market is determined in the equilibrium point where the demand for computers and its supply intersect. When price of the computers areas lower as 10,000 or 15,000, the demand may increase to 60 and 50 respectively and the supply will reduce to 20 and 30 respectively. As the table shows, there is only one price of shifts ($ 20,000) where the market is in equilibrium. Quantity demanded is equal to quantity supplied at 40, 000 computers. At all other states, the market price is in disequilibrium wherein supply of computers and demand for computers are in a state of imbalance. Disequilibrium occurs either when the demand exceeds supply or the supply exceeds the demand for computers. Price per computer $ Demand (000 computers) Supply (000 computers) Market position Effects on price 10 ,000 60 20 Shortage Rise 15,000 50 30 Shortage Rise 20,000 40 40 Equilibrium Stable 25,000 30 50 Surplus Fall 30,000 20 60 Surplus Fall 35,000 10 70 Surplus Fall As far as computers in free-market mechanism is considered, government will not intervene in resource allocation. In other economic systems, governments may choose to interfere in the price mechanism mainly because they want to control,

Selection bias Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Selection bias - Essay Example The lack of a control experiment enhances the manifestation of the selection bias especially given the fact that some of the selected sample die. In determining the credibility of the study, one must investigate the initial distribution with the view to determining the nature of the selection bias. Selection bias is a statistical error that affects the validity of the study. By analyzing the nature of the error as is in the study alongside, it becomes easy to interpret the variables by manipulating other features of the study. Estimating the effects of unbiased treatment is yet another fundamental way of determining the credibility of the study. Such strategies as case matching, multivariate stratification and covariance adjustments help observe consistencies in the research thus validate the credibility of the research (Bostrom, 2002). Indeed, the study had a selection bias of concern. The study graph shows that the groups scored four points higher on the pretest than the comparison group. Additionally, the group had an average of fifty-four while the comparison group had an average of fifty. Such is a manifestation of an error that requires effective treatment during

Mis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Mis - Essay Example In order to ensure the security of the users in the information systems, several measures have to be taken; this is to avoid any inconveniences in the running of the organization. Security is ensured to the users when the organization makes regular changes to their management information systems. This is done through successful implementation of updated and new software and hardware components. These continuous changes bring about better adjustment done to configure the information systems. Also, the frequent changes makes the users be aware of the emerging security threats and they therefore adapt to the emerging situation. In most organizations, they have to develop their information systems, in so doing so, they have to employ several components, these components are different and can be interconnected in their specified arrangements in that they can encounter the organization’s mission, business their security needs (Dhillon& Backhouse, 2000). To ensure that there is security in information, there are various techniques that have to be implemented for the management, operation and security in conformation. These techniques go hand in a hand with se veral mainframes which include, servers, applications, operating systems and work stations (Dhillon& Backhouse, 2000). Maintaining of information with a level of confidentiality, availability and integrity is of much benefit to the users. Inorder to ensure security in information, the security systems have to control its access panel. The major role of access is to prevent unauthorized log in from unknown users in that they will not adjust or use their information. Access is grouped into three categories; preventive, corrective and detective. These three categories have their roles, preventive control role is elimination of occurrence of a disastrous event; detective controls

IQ causes success Essay Example for Free

IQ causes success Essay I was particularly intrigued by the authors’ discussion of the cultural differences that affect the ways in which people deal with concepts. In order to illustrate this point, the authors point to the different ways in which Chinese and American people deal with the conflict between capitalism and communism. The first tends to seek out some kind of common ground between two different concepts while the latter tends to place different concepts into either/or categories. This discussion of culturally contingent ways of thinking made me wonder how much more successful high-level political debates would be if both parties tried to understand not just the other’s position but the way of thinking that allowed them to arrive at that position. The discussion of problem solving tactics (algorithms and heuristics) and obstacles to problem solving was interesting as it contained practical, real-world applications of the course material. I had one question, however, when reading this section. From the discussion, it seems that the authors are taking emotional detachment from the problem as a given, i. e. the ability to think logically about the problem is a prerequisite for problem solving. However, they do not ever explicitly discuss this necessity or how to achieve it. With regards to IQ, the authors discuss a longitudinal study undertaken by Lewis Terman in the 1920s. Terman found that children with high IQs continued to have academic and career success throughout their lives. The way the authors’ discussion is worded, it seems that they are saying that high IQ causes success. However, there could have been other contributing factors to these individuals’ success. For example, a child identified early on as having a high IQ might have more encouragement and attention from their parents and teachers. They might also be subjected to greater expectations for success. These factors, and not just the IQ alone, could also cause the success of the individual.

Background Of The Industry Economics Essay

Background Of The Industry Economics Essay Since the middle of the twentieth century, many economic goes ups and downs, the pioneer of the world have seen many fundamental and far-reaching changes within society. The obvious view is the amelioration in economic wealth, has considered the improvements in standards of living for the ensemble of people living and working in these countries. These alterations have enhanced the improved productivity and redistribution of the workforce. Leisure and Hospitality industry has become part of integral industries that helps to improve in economic wealth, not only in Malaysia but in most countries. It can regard as a complementary of tourism industry. As it is an income generator by using sources of country to attract foreigners to come over and flourish other industries too. For instances, tourists who fly over Malaysia will have an opportunity to fumble a new investment and attempt to involve it, this might help our economy grow well because of the inflow currency injection. But first, what exactly is leisure and hospitality industry? This sector is made up of two parts, which are the arts, entertainment and recreation sector and accommodation and food service sector. The  arts, entertainment, and recreation  sector include a vast range of constructions that operate facilities or services provided to cater variety of cultural, entertainment, and recreational interests of their patrons, examples like theme park, shopping mall, theme museum. (Leisure and Hospitality Industry)For the most part, it is built luxury-based, evade from the fundamental needs.  While the accommodation and food services  sector comprises constructions providing customers with lodging and preparing meals, snacks, and beverages for consumption, examples like famous food, hotel with different rated and superior services.This service-based industry thrives on the leisure activities of patrons. This kind of business that the hospitality industry garners is momentary, but it acco unts a large sum of its revenue. Therefore, with the subtle leisure and hospitality industry will push the tourism industry up. (What Is the Hospitality Industry?) Leisure and hospitality industry had indirectly developed in so many aspects too such as land, country, other businesses and it also decrease the unemployment rate too. For the land development, hospitality experts did a good job of flourishing some unused spaces and built a glamorous building on it to accommodate tourist that need place to stay and obtain income from that way. With the phosphorous of hospitality industry, there have few rates of hotels for tourist to choose whether which will appropriate for them. For examples, Genting Highland Malaysia has a few different rate of hotel in the small same site to let the tourists have as much as choices to select their apposite hotels. For the development of other businesses, such as food, stores, theme parks and shopping malls will glowing too due to the intrude of leisure and hospitality industry. In contra versa, tourists maybe interesting in food or theme park or cultures of a country and tend to come over for that specific intention, this will also enhance the leisure and hospitality industry. For an actual example, Singapore recently has constructed a new theme park, Universal Studio and Casino have attracted a lot of foreigners spend their time in that country to regale themselves. Exceptional service is usually very important for. Customer satisfaction like what they purposely come for, usually leads to consumer loyalty, which helps to ensure the success of a company in the hospitality industry. For the development of country and decreasing the unemployment rate, leisure and hospitality has create an opportunity for the tourist to search a new investment as I said in the above paragraph and it has fill in the people that need a job. In conclusion, hospitality and leisure industry are so sensitive to economic and in competitive market conditions. Hospitality and Leisure companies have to cater the challenges of current world market by comprehending and arising strategies to meet economic conditions, consumer trends, competition, technology and concerns regarding security and social responsibility. (646 words) (b)Main Competitors in the Industry As we know, GentingBhdis a well-known corporation in Malaysia with its prosperous and successful hotel, resort as well asleisure industry.Moreover, hospitality and leisure is the main revenue for GentingBhd. Therefore, we will emphasize the hospitality and leisure segments in here. In fact, the only one large casino space in Malaysia is built in Resorts World Genting which means GentingBhd monopolizes the casino market in Malaysia as well. However, the GentingBhd is having a tough competition with several rivals in overseas casino market. Besides that, GentingBhdcompetes perfectly with other resorts and hotels nationally, regionally and also globally. Therefore, there are few competitors in hospitality and leisure industry that GentingBhd might beware. Las Vegas Sandsis one of the main competitors for GentingBhd. Recently, it developed Marina Bay Sands in Singapore and it is the most expensive standalone casino property in the world. With its distinctive and marvel architecture of the resort the Sands Skypark and also the amazing and luxury interior of the casino, it does attract many gamblersglobally which gives an impact to Resorts World Sentosa in Singapore. (Acura, 2010)Resorts World Sentosa is one of the resort and casino properties of GentingBhd. It is one of the most expensive casino properties in the world after Marina Bay Sands.(Wikipedia, Resorts World Sentosa) Indeed, the third quarterly reports in 2010 shows that opening of Marina Bay Sands has wiped out the gaming revenueof Resorts World Sentosa in the second quarter. (Cohen, 2010)It obviously indicates that Resorts World Sentosa have a perfect competition with Marina Bay Sands. In other hand, GentingBhd is also competing with MGM Resorts International, the Las Vegas-based casino company in global casino market.(Reuters, 2012) Resorts World Casino New York City is builtat Aqueduct Racetrack in New York City, USAby GentingBhd which was opened on 28th October 2011 and it is the first casino in New York City.(Harwood, 2011) In fact, GentingBhdhas beaten out MGM Resorts Internationals original proposal to build a casino at Aqueduct Racetrack in South Ozone Park.(Mosco, 2012)However, Resorts World Casino New York City is still in competition with MGM Resorts International which is holding a certain number of casinos in Las Vegas and also outside of Las Vegas such as MGM Grand, The Mirage, New York-New York and more.GentingBhd may lose their advantage if compare with MGM Resorts International because of their brand name is not recognized by people. In past few years, Genting Bhd has bought 3.2% stake in MGM Mirage and Genting Bhd took over the US casino operators investment in MGM Grand Macau.(Times, 2009)In fact, GentingBhdisholding more cash than any other gaming operators in the world and it is one of the advantages of GentingBhd in the competition. Resort World Genting monopolizes casino market in Malaysia and it ensures the profitability of Resort World Genting. However, there are various resorts in local compete with Resort World Genting such as Legoland Malaysia in Johor.Legoland Malaysia is owned by Merlin Entertainments and it was opened on 22nd September 2012. Legoland Malaysia is the first Legoland theme park in Asia and it attracts not only local visitors, and also foreign visitors especially Singaporean.(Wikipedia, Legoland Malaysia) In addition, the Legoland Hotel, Lego-themed water theme park and Lego-themed attractions nearby will be opening soon. It becomes one of the potential competitors of Resort World Genting. In conclusion, Las Vegas Sands, MGM Resorts International and Merlin Entertainments are mainly competitors of GentingBhd. A good competition will lead a better performance of a company. Thus, we have a high expectation for GentingBhd. (604 words) (c) Risk factors of the industry The leisure and hospitality industry is expected to assume a greater role in driving economic growth during this decade. It is a business that providing goods and services in terms of entertainment, recreation and tourism. Leisure and hospitality industry is also assisting in the contribution of the gross domestic product (GDP) by creating job opportunities. (Economywatch.com, 2010) With the rapidly expansion of leisure and hospitality industry, there are general risks encountered by the companies. Therefore, managing risks is became an indispensible issue for every company. There are several sources of risk which are market risk, credit risk, interest rate risk, and so on. These risk factors are largely beyond the control of the Company and its directors because of the nature of the activities of the Company. a. Market Risk The fluctuations in the aggregate market assist the variability in a securitys return. Unfavourable economic growth such as high unemployment, recessions, or other unexpected events like war and natural disaster affect to the entire market and lead to the occurrence of market risk. Due to the economic changes, the value of investments may reduced over a given time period. It is also called as systematic risk. (investorwords.com, 2013) In order to protect against market risk, asset allocation and diversification can be used because different portions of the market tend to underperform at different times. As a fact, a total of 64 projects were approved with total investments of RM1.9 billion in the hotels and tourism subsector in 2011. Domestic investments totalled RM1.8 billion (94.7%), while foreign investments amounted to RM63.1 million (5.3%). In comparison, investments approved in the hotels and tourism sub-sector in 2010 amounted to RM2.5 billion, most of them were domestic investments. Amount of investment is reduced about RM 0.7 billion from 2010 to 2011 due to the economic crisis. (MIDA, 2011) b. Credit risk Exposure to credit risk in leisure and hospitality industry arises mainly from sales made on deferred credit terms, cash and cash equivalents, deposits with financial institutions, money market instruments and debt securities. (Genting Berhad, 2011) The companies which allow customers to pay in credit terms would encounter credit risk as including lost principal and interest, increased collection costs, and disruption to cash flows. The loss can arise in a number of circumstances. It is closely related to the potential return of an investment. (Investopedia.com, 2013) Risks are minimized through effective monitoring of receivables and suspension of sales to customers whose accounts exceed the stipulated credit terms. Credit limits are set and credit history is reviewed to minimize potential losses. Credit risk is closely tied to the potential return of an investment, the most notable being that the yields on bonds correlate strongly to their perceived credit risk. (Genting Berhad, 2011) c. Currency Risk Currency risk is the risk that fluctuation of the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument caused by changes in foreign currency rates. (BERJAYA, 2011) Most of the companies invest internationally in global investment arena therefore they face currency risk when they convert the foreign gains back to own currency. For example, Genting Berhad and Berjaya Corporation Berhad contribute their leisure and hospitality business in other countries such as Singapore and United Kingdom. They are exposed to various currencies. Due to the uncertainty of currency, they confront currency risk when they change the earnings to Ringgit Malaysia. Foreign currency exchange rates can change an investors total return on a foreign investment significantly, despite how well the investment performed. Some companies attempts to significantly limit its exposure for committed transactions by entering into forward foreign currency exchange contracts within the constraints of market and governme nt regulations. (Genting Berhad, 2011) d. Interest Rate Risk Interest rate risk is the risk of variability in a cash flow or security of company which resulting from changes in the interest rate level. (moneyterms.co.uk, 2012) It arises mainly from the companys borrowings and debt securities classified as fair value through profit or loss and available-for-sale financial assets. Borrowings issued at variable rates expose the company to cash flow interest rate risk. Debt securities at fixed rate expose the company to fair value interest rate risk. (Genting Berhad, 2011) The interest bearing assets are made up of deposits with licensed financial institutions, staff loans and interest bearing receivables. It generally affects securities inversely which showing that security price move inversely to interest rates. To reduce interest rate risk, some companies manage its interest rate risk exposure from interest bearing borrowings by maintaining rate borrowings of fixed and floating. They actively review the debt portfolio, taking into account the investment holding period and nature of assets. This strategy allows them to capitalize on cheaper funding in a low interest rate environment and achieve a certain level of protection against rate hikes. e. Liquidity Risk Liquidity risk is the risk that a given security or asset cannot be bought or sold rapidly in the market to prevent a loss. Liquidity risk arises when a company interested in trading an asset but unable to do it because nobody in the market wants to trade it. The more uncertainty of time and price, the greater the liquidity risk. It becomes quite important to companies who are about to hold or currently hold an asset, since it affects their ability to trade. (Wikipedia, 2013) Liquidity risk causes company encounter difficulty in meeting financial obligation due to the shortage of funds. In order to minimize liquidity risk, some companies manage their operating cash flows and the availability of fund so as to ensure that all funding needs are met. As part of their overall prudent liquidity management, companies may also maintain adequate levels of cash or cash convertible investments to meet their working capital requirements. In addition, companies strive to maintain available banking facilities at reasonable level to their overall debt position. As far as possible, companies raise committed funding from both capital markets and financial institutions and prudently balances their portfolio with some short term funding so as to achieve overall cost effectiveness. (BERJAYA, 2011) (d) Industry performance as compared to the general economy for the last 3 years As we all noticed, the economic decline was registered in several countries in 2009 such as United States, Euro area, Japan, Singapore and also Malaysia as the global financial crisis was led to a sharp contraction of the global economy.GDP growth rate in Malaysian economy contracted by 1.7 per cent due to a significant drop in manufacturing sector and mining quarrying sector shrank, which is 9.4 per cent and 3.8 per cent.(Centre F.G ,2011) Leisure and hospitality industrymakes an important contribution to the general economy. It is because it provides a large share of employment opportunity for the world. It included the careers in particular specialist areas such as marketing, human resource, finance and accounting, or business management. This can evident by employment in the leisure and hospitality industry for the entire world was 13.2 million in September 2009 and accounted for 12.4 percent of private industry employment.  (Bureau of labor statistics) Leisure and hospitality services include a wide variety of activities that attract tourists such as entertaining recreational areas, resorts, concerts and sporting events, restaurants, and accommodations. (Bureau of labor statistics).Leisure and hospitality industry performance consider at the good level in 2009 although the GDP growth rate is negative. This statement can be proof by the performance of Gentingbhd, which is the example of the leisure and hospitality in Malaysia. Based on the annual report 2009 of Gentingbhd, leisure and hospitality division had higher volume of business generated led to the higher revenue contribution from Resorts World Genting (RWG). Besides that, the annual report show that the performance of the integrated resort of Gentingbhd in 2009 was better than last year 2008, which was received 19.5 million visitors in 2009 compared with 2008 was 19.2 million. Resorts World Genting operates 41 of a total of 133 outlets in 2009 and the outlets catered to a record high of more than 14.4 million covers in 2009 as compared with 2008 was 13.7 million. (Gentingberhad annual report,2009) However there are some hotel in Malaysia are struggling to tackle the problem of declined occupancy rate in 2009. Therefore they were implemented some creative and innovative ways to attract their guests and earn their confidence once again. GDP growth rate of the Malaysian economy in 2010 expanded by 7.2percentage compared with the economy contracted by 1.7percentage in last year 2009. The expanded GDP growth rate due to significant grew of the two largest segments which play an important role in the overall economy. There are economy services and manufacturing, which grew by 6.8% and 11.4%. (Malaysia economy update, 2011)Tourism is one of the main drivers of the growth of the leisure and hospitality industry in Malaysia. Malaysia saw 24.6 million tourist arrivals in 2010. The development of the tourism will definitely leads to the drastically expanding of the leisure and hospitality in 2010. The number of hotels has expanded from 1,492 in 2009 to 2,256 in 2010, which was rose by 37.3 percent.(Ninth Malaysian Plan 2006-2010). 2010 was an active year for leisure and hospitality industry like Genting Malaysia as it took concrete steps towards expanding in the UK and in USA. This action guide the Genting Malaysia to have t he largest number of casinos in the UK with 46 casinos as at 31 December 2010 and five premier casinos located in London. ( Gentingberhad annual report,2010 ) 2011 saw the world facing unexpected crisis in many countries before the global financial crisis of the preceding years could dissipate. These unprecedented crisis such as the tsunami in Japan, major floods in Thailand, devastating earthquakes, the Euro-zone sovereign debt crisis and the Arab Spring revolutions. These factors had financially impacted many industries and corporations globally. Therefore, the annual GDP growth rate of Malaysia economy was drop to 5.1percentage, rather drastic drop against the 7.2percentage in 2010. (Malaysia economy update, 2011) This year was tough and challenge time for leisure and hospitality industry. However, some leisure and hospitality industry in Malaysia like Gentingbhd had marked this year as the official opening of Southeast Asias first Universal Studios Singapore at Resorts World Sentosa, the official opening of Johor Premium Outlets in Malaysia which is Southeast Asias first Premium Outlet Center and the launch of Resorts World Casino New York City in the United States of America although the economy remains uncertain. (Gentingbhd annual report, 2011) Besides that, the first Legoland Malaysia was announced on 6 December of 2011 to open Legoland theme park in Asia-Pacific and the sixth in the world. (Lua,M.L,2011 ). GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH OF MALAYSIA, 2009 2011 (%) (Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) Malaysia, 2011) (e) Prospect and estimated growth for the industry in the coming year. Nowadays, organizations within leisure and hospitality industry are faced with increasingly complex issues on branding, operational excellence and growth. There are many accompanying societal changes with great significance for the industrys operators.   Demand and consumer expectations have continued to expand with the evolution of a global marketplace. (Background to the hospitality industrys workforce, 2010) From international perspective, leisure and hospitality industry is now claimed to be the worlds fastest growing industry and also one of the leading earners of foreign currency. Nationwide employment in the leisure and hospitality sector  rose to 13.66 million jobs in August, based on the latest seasonally adjusted data from the  U.S. Bureau of Labour Statistics. This means many people willing to engage in this industry as they maybe forecast it might be a flourished result in the future. (Thomas) However, the UK and other western economies are going through a prolonged period of structural adjustment and relatively low growth and volatility is likely to persist through the mid-2010s. Against this disappointing backdrop, the London hotel market has demonstrated remarkable resilience. Revenue per room dipped by 5% in 2009, but has since rebounded by 25% to reach a record high. The surge in new supply during 2012 and 2013 may bring down occupancy but we do not expect these temporary factors to hold London back for long. In the UK regions, the picture is different. Here demand is more dependent on the domestic economy, which has been squeezed by high inflation and the aftermath of the financial crisis. Despite near 70% occupancy rates, hoteliers have been unable to pass price increases through the market. We expect revenue per room and rates to remain broadly flat in 2013, as they have since 2009. (UK hotels forecast 2013) Figure 1.1 Forecast charts Leisure and Hospitality in 2013 (PwC UK hotel forecast 2012 and 2013) From Malaysia perspective, GentingBerhad is the domain in hospitality and leisure industry. Casino, hotel and theme park are the main sectors which contributed by GentingBerhad. Thus, we exert GentingBerhad as the standard to interpret the prospect of Malaysia. Among   the   mass   market   domestic   visitors,The total visitor arrivals to Genting Highlands remained stable. Unlike Singapore, where gaming volume is volatile, Malaysian gaming volume held up well growing at double-digits for VIP gaming and mid single-digit for mass market gaming. As such, Genting Malaysia with 83% of its revenue generated frm its stable Malaysian gaming base provides greater earnings compared with GentingBerhad, which is facing greater earning volatility   from   Genting Singapore which contributes a sizeable 55% of GentingBerhads group profit while the operating environment in Singapore remains challenging given its heavy reliance on VIP gaming, which is feeling the impact of the global economic slowdown as well as regulatory restrictions on full-fledged junket operations in Singapore. (2013 STRATEGY GAMING (OVERWEIGHT), 2013) While another evidence to proof that the hospitality and leisure industry is in a high profitability industry, is according to Tourism Malaysia statistics, tourist arrivals to Malaysia rose 3.9% to 12.8 million in the first seven months of the year against 12.4 million in the previous corresponding period. For the first six months, tourist arrivals in Sabah grew by 1.2% to 1.12 million compared with 1.11 million in 2007. (The STAR, 30 Aug 2008).Tourism always related to the hospitality and leisure industry, each other is complementary. So with the gaining figure, it apparently pushed up the industry to the climax. Question 3 In conclusion, we will suggest investors invest in Genting Berhad stock. There are some analysis and evidences support our point of view. In our analysis, the P/E ratio of Genting Berhad is 16.90 times. If compare with Malaysia gaming industry P/E ratio 13.8 times (Based on Kenanga Research, 22 November 2012), it is considered high. Moreover, the latest P/E ratio is also higher than 2011 year which is either 14.1 (Based on Kenanga Research, 22 November 2012) or 13.6 (Based on OSK Research, 22 November 2012). Apparently, increasing in P/E ratio reflects that investors expect Genting Berhad will outperform in the following years. It tells us that investors have confidence and high expectation on Genting Berhads future. On the other hand, the estimated dividend growth rate of Genting Berhad is 3.54%. It seems like not much attractive to investor since Genting Berhad pays a low dividend. However, it is a signal of growing for company so that investors can expect to make more money by in vesting in Genting Berhad stock in following years. In the calculation of estimated Genting Berhad share price, we got an extremely low price which is RM0.65. It is a huge range of extent from current price RM9.70 (Retrieved on 7th January 2013). However, it does not indicate that we should not invest in Genting Berhad. In our opinion, the dividend discount model formula is not suitable to apply in here. It is because Genting Berhad gives a very low dividend while its share price is greatly high. Therefore, the estimated share price in result will be tremendously small. In a word, the unrealistic estimated share price as above is meaningless. In addition, the Kenanga research and OSK research has rated the Genting Berhad as outperform or valuable to buy. Moreover, both of the researches predict the share price of Genting Berhad will be raised to around RM10 whereas the current price of Genting Berhad is RM9.70. (Retrievedon 7th January 2013) Obviously, it shows that Genting Berhad is still valuable for investor to invest. Genting Berhad has a dividend yield of 0.652% which is considered less attractive. However, this is one of the strategies of them to reduce expenses in order to contribute in their business expansion. It was announced that Genting Berhad is venturing into pharmaceuticals. A wholly-owned subsidiary of Genting Berhad, Genting Management (Singapore) Pte Ltd had invested USD31.5m in TauRx Pharmaceuticals Ltd. We believe it may bring impact to the stock price of Genting Berhad because they try to get involved in more sectors in market. ROE of Genting Berhad was fluctuated and was declined from 2011 to 2012. The fall of net profit margin, asset turnover ratio and leverage ratio had caused the declining of ROE. Even though higher ROE is preferable, but ROE may decrease due to some circumstances. The drop of proportionate profitability may assist the rising in corporate income and hence decreasing in net after tax profits. Earnings may still growing but ROE would decrease. When Genting Berhad prefer to become more asset intensive, which means that the company has to generate more assets to increase sales, ROE will decrease despite growing earnings. If the company is paying down its debt by shareholders equity, equity multiplier will decline, ROE will decrease intensely. Therefore we should compare with other parameter. As we know that Genting Berhad is the blue chip company, it indicates that the stock price of a Genting Berhad usually follows the SP 500 and normally it will not have a big fluctuated in the changing of share price. Based on the earning per share (EPS) as we estimated above, it shows the EPS of Genting Berhad will grow from 54.4267cent to 56.4490cent. Therefore it means the companys profitability will remain at the high level for next year. The growing EPS also indicate that the performance of the company will keep improving in the future. It will lead to the value of the Genting Berhad share grow up in the future. Therefore we suggest the investor to invest in Genting Berhad. Besides that, we estimate that the growth of the Genting Berhad from 2012 to next year 2013 is 13.0844%. It tells us that the Genting Berhad is going to grow in the coming year although the uncertainty economy changes. Genting Berhad is not only concentrate in its leisure and hospitality industry, it also included gaming and entertainment businesses, plantation, the generation and supply of electric power, tours and travel related services. It involved some development like property development and management, genomics research and development, oil and gas exploration, production activities.  (Investor.com, 2010-2012). This is definitely shows the strength and advantage of the diversity of Genting Berhad. As we all noticed that the leisure and hospitality or gaming entertainment industry are growing very fast in the current economy. If unfortunately one of these industrys performance goes down, it still can recover by others industry which have a constantly good performance over pa st years. Genting Berhad already is a well-known company in Malaysia, the total visitors is remained stable and keep increasing. Although every year is challenger for Genting Berhad, they can always do their performance well until reach the expectation of the investors. The other evidence is the increasing of their dividend payout ratio. We estimate that the dividend payout ratio will keep increasing to 11.024% next year. It means how well the earnings of Genting Berhad can support its dividend payments to the shareholders. This higher payout ratio will only given by the mature company. (investopedia, 2013) Therefore, the shareholders of the Genting Berhad can enjoy its increasing dividend per share every. All of the evidence can definitely support the investor to invest in Genting Berhad.

George Orwells Animal Farm: Ignorance Of Animals And Pigs Controlling :: Animal Farm Essays

George Orwell's Animal Farm: Ignorance of Animals and Pigs Controlling Farm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In George Orwell's book, Animal Farm, it is obvious that that the pigs, tyrants though they were, were awarded control of the farm through the ignorance of the other animals. There are various statements in the book that support this idea. After reading this piece, the importance of education should be clear.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seemed as though the pigs created and enacted propositions, and took liberties that increased their control over the other animals, bit by bit, cajoling and threatening until the ignorant animals were convinced that the pigs' license was in their own best interests. â€Å"It was always the pigs who put forward the resolutions. The other animals understood how to vote, but could never think of any resolutions of their own.† (Page 38) This quote is symbolic of the way that animal farm was operated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The pigs acted as leaders, the other animals were followers. Especially when a new rule that involved more work was ratified. Then the pigs simply acted as overseers, and, in effect, slavedrivers of the working animals, blatantly avoiding anything physically taxing. This is demonstrated in a quote from page 35, â€Å"The pigs did not actually work, but directed and supervised the others.† Of course, the ignorant animals put forth no opposition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The sheep, cows, horses, and birds were digging their own graves when they reacted passively each time Napoleon usurped a little more power. Since very few of the animals could read, or adequately remember what was read to them, they failed to notice or object when the Seven Commandments were altered. â€Å" ....But it appears to me that the wall looks different. Are the seven commandments the same as they used to be Benjamin?....There was nothing there now but a single commandment. It ran: ALL ANIMALS ARE EQUAL, BUT SOME ARE MORE EQUAL THAN OTHERS. After that, it did not seem strange when next day the pigs who were supervising the work of the farm all carried whips in their trotters.† (Page 123) No animal protested this.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is apparent that education is a powerful weapon against tyranny.

Essay --

As the tears runs slowly down my mother’s eyes. She held her cold lifeless baby boy into her arms. Pressing him into her chest as if that would bring life back to her only son. That son she had dreamed of for so long is now without life. With her baby clenched on her chest, the pain of birth rushed through her bones she dropped the lifeless baby on the bed and looked back at me. With her hand clamped, in an angry, defensive and agonized voice she trembled these words out to me â€Å"you have to do something for you are the cause of his death†. Me as a little girl busted out the door with teary eyes. Upset of being accused of something I haven’t done. I was thinking if I had the power to change the pain my mother was experiencing I would have. From that point I had the desire of becoming a pediatrician. For in my mind if I was a doctor I could have healed my brother, and my mother would not have to witness that kind of pain. Even though entering in the biology fi eld had been probably â€Å"forced† into existence I do not feel passionately about nothing then the science field. With the classes I have taken and the knowledge I have gain in that perspective there is no going back. With this experience and many others I had throughout my life, are the backbone of me pursuing my dream of becoming a pediatrician. The opportunity of becoming a McNair fellow will help me developed skills needed to accomplish my goal. My goal in life is to be a pediatrician. My major motivation for choosing this medical route is not only based on my brother’s death incidence. I have always been fascinated with the living systems. I remember when I was taking biology in high school how fascinated the human body and cell communications were to me. The more Biology... ...re is I will accomplish something significant in life and that will make my parent proud of me for being the first in the family to obtain such a prestigious level in life. With experience obtain I will have the capability to go back to Haiti to educate upcoming doctors. I will be able to open the first research lab, which will provide students interested in pursuing a major in the science field the opportunity to experience biology hands on. A PhD will offer me with the opportunity to give society the same opportunity that McNair program will be providing to me. The major contribution I would love to accomplish is to go to third world countries to educate people on how to protect themselves from many diseases that could have been prevented by simple procedure. For example the cholera it is deadly but with the right kind of tools and procedure it can be prevented.

The sain case :: essays research papers

SAIN V. CEDAR RAPIDS COMMUNITY SCHOOL DISTRICT: PROVIDING SPECIAL PROTECTION FOR STUDENT-ATHLETES? The scholarly article I chose was of great interest to me for several reasons. The case is an educational malpractice case in which a student-athlete said he was provided false information by his high school consolor and lost his basketball scholarship as a result. I was a student athlete in high school and sports are still a big part of my life. On top of that I am considering teaching and coaching after I graduate, making this a very relevant topic to me. In the next several paragraphs I am going to summarize the article and cases that it mentions, then I will try and decide what the authors intent was with writing this piece. It has been said for years that any case of educational malpractice was doomed from the start. Because of this, it was a huge surprise when the Iowa Supreme Court denied the defendant, Cedar Rapids Community School District’s motion for summary judgement. This was a case where a student sued for negligent misrepresentation by a school guidance counselor. One reason why the court may have denied the motion was because it was trying to protect a category of people who were considered especially vulnerable, the student-athlete. Bruce Sain who was the plaintiff in the case attended Jefferson High School, which was in the defendants school district. He played basketball for the school and was very good at it, so good that he planned on getting a scholarship to finance his college education. In order to be eligible to play sports in college you must meet certain course requirements be the NCAA, which Sain was working on doing. In his senior year he still needed three English credits to satisfy the NCAA requirements and since he went to a school that brock their year down into trimesters, he thought this would be no problem. He completed his first English course and enrolled into his second, but for some reason or another he disliked the class, so he went to his school counselor to see what he could do. The counselor told him to enroll into a class called technical Communications, which the counselor assured him would be approved by the NCAA clearinghouse. But the school did not include that particular course on the list of classes that was sent to the clearinghouse. The next and final trimester Sain completed his third English credit and accepted a five year scholarship to Northern Illinois University.

Multi Agency and Intergrated Working

Multi-agency working and integrated working are extremely important as it benefits the child, their family and the practitioners in a huge way. Definitions of these ways of working are below. Multi-agency Working – This is where practitioners from different services and professions come together to provide integrated support for children and families with additional needs. Integrated Working – this is where different services, agencies, professional and practitioners work together to put the child at the centre to help improve their lives and met their needs and offer effective care for the child. Integrated working and multi-agency working delivers better outcomes for the children and families as there is a broad range of knowledge, skills and professions all trying to do their best for the child. More ideas and opinions and record sharing will allow us to achieve the best possible outcomes for the child. To make sure the outcomes for the child are to be positive we must make sure that all parties understand what information can be shared and about the importance of confidentiality. External agencies There are many external agencies that we may meet that are brought in to support a child and their family. Some may work in their own setting and some are integrated into children centre and schools. Below is a list of some of these agencies and a brief description of their roles. Speech and Language Therapists – are employed by the local primary care trust and support individual children and their families. A referral can be made by a gp/health visitor and an awareness raised by a setting. They will work closely with the family and the setting. Educational psychologists – are employed by the local authority and will give support to children with specific learning or psychological needs. They require a referral from the setting. Physiotherapist – are employed by the local primary care trust and will support children with a specific physical need. A referral is required either from a health professional or a setting. Play specialist – May work with social services supporting children in difficult a family situation or can support children in a hospital setting. Behavioural support service – are part of the local authority and works in partnership with schools to help promote positive behaviour. They work within a framework of inclusion and also provide effective support to pupil, parents and schools where behaviour is a concern and may effect the child’s achievement. Social workers – employed by social services and may also be attached to a children’s centre, they will support children and their families to help family issues involving health need, poverty, bereavement etc. and also help to improve their housing. Common barriers to multi-agency working and integrated working There are many common barriers to multi-agency working and integrated working, these barriers will affect the outcome to the child. Some of the common barriers are explained below. Professional status and professional pride – this is where people who are highly trained/qualified, find it hard to cope with being managed/lead by a person with different/lower qualifications. Different professional priorities – all professionals deal with risks, situations and priorities in different ways and orders they may not agree with others. Language and terminology – all professionals use words, phrases and abbreviations that relate to their area of expertise and other professionals who work in different areas/specialities will not understand these. Poor communication skills – information may not be shared by all, poor methods of communication and people not receiving information/communication is a big issue. For example if information is shared by email and two workers don’t have email they will not receive the information. It is important to remove these barriers from the start before they become an issue and affect the outcome. The key to this is to put in place a lead professional. This person would co-ordinate communication, they will act as the point of contact for the child and family. The lead professional will need to set rules and discuss things such as people preferred method of communication as we are not all the same and the lead professional must make sure they use each persons preferred method. The lead professional must also ensure that all people have a copy of the rules and ensure that if any jargon/terminology is used it is first explained to the group, all these things will help prevent barriers and ensure a good outcome for the child and their family. Referrals between agencies Within the setting it may become necessary to refer a child to another professional for additional support, for example if it has been noticed that a child of 3 is having issues which speech that he cannot say many words and the ones that are said are not clear, then the child would benefit from support from speech and language therapist then a referral is needed the setting would follow the steps below to make the referral.First of speak with the parent/carer/child about the issue and gain consent to make the referral.Next you would need to identify the service/agency who you want to refer to.Then you would need to contact the agency and discuss the situation before making the referral. We do this to make sure the agency can offer the most suitable service/support that is needed.Next follow the agency’s referral procedure completing all necessary paperwork and return by referral deadline if required. Always keep a copy of the referral.Follow up the referral and find out the d ecision. Common Assessment FrameworkIn the Children Act 2004 and Every Child Matters it is outlined that the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) is a way ensuring early intervention for a child before they reach a crisis point. CAF is a shared assessment and planning framework in all areas of England and Northern Ireland to be used by all practitioners working in children’s services. The main aim of CAF is to make sure that a child’s additional need is identified early and to ensure that agencies work together to meet the additional needs of the child. The CAF consist of four main partsA pre-assessment checklist to help decide who would benefit from a common assessment.A process to enable practitioners in the children and young people’s workforce to undertake a common assessment and then act on the result.A standard form to record the assessment.A delivery plan and review form. The assessment covers three domains: development of the child or young person; parents and carers; and family and environment.The CAF can be used on children from 0 to 19 years and also 19 to 24 years where necessary, and any professional, parent or even child can request that a CAF is undertaken. As with a normal referral you need consent to do a CAF either from the parent, carer or the child. There are four main stages in completing a common assessment  Identifying needs early.Assessing those needs.Delivering integrated services.Reviewing progress I have completed a mock CAF form (enclosed) to show how the form is to be completed.

Car Parking Slot Allocation System

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Parking in big parking lot can be very challenging and effortful. Even when an indication is provided that a small percentage of slots is still available in the enormous car parks, most drivers do not seem to be able to locate those slots. Car Parking Slot Allocation System is a system that automates the searching and guides drivers on which location is their chosen slot located in the parking area. The system is designed to prevent problems usually associated with parking cars in a certain parking lot. How does it work?When a car is waiting at the entrance, the operator will give the driver the slot card number indicating where to park in the area. This will avoid time delay if there are any cars waiting in the entrance waiting for their turn. How does the system know which parking slot to allocate? The group created a simulation of a parking lot which composed of two separate parking areas – Parking Area A and Parking Area B, an d thus each area is consisting of 40 parking slots. Because there are two parking areas in the parking lot, both of this areas will be applied using Allocation Algorithm.The application of Allocation algorithm in these areas will only allocate the vacant or available slots. Those slots that are not vacant or already occupied will not be allocated anymore and this will be ignored by the system. The purpose of this project is to simulate and implement a real parking lot environment that allocate vacant parking slots using Allocation algorithm. As computer science students, the used and application of algorithm is the most important foundation of the field of Computer Science. Through this algorithm, this will tell the computer to do the task in the most efficient manner.Hence, by applying Allocation algorithm in the group’s study, an effective and efficient solution in the problems of allocating parking slots will be easily located by the system because of the application of al gorithm. In addition, an algorithm is a solution of a problem by a finite sequence of instructions each of which can be performed by a machine. Every computer program is essentially a set of instructions placed in a systematic fashion, that when executed, produce a desired result. The advantages covered in this system will be user interaction, ease f use, and effectiveness in demonstrating Allocation algorithm to those who don’t know much about it. Furthermore, the group hope that through this project, they can improve technological improvement to the car parking establishment in making an efficient and systematic car parking. Statement of the Problem The researchers envision solving the problems by answering the following questions: 1. How does the application of Allocation algorithm will be implemented in the Car Parking Slot Allocation System? 2. How will Allocation algorithm allocate or search vacant slots? 3. Will Allocation algorithm allocate occupied slots? 4.How does the system know which parking slot to allocate? 5. How to simulate the parking areas consisting of 80 slots that applies Allocation algorithm? Objectives of the Study The primary objectives of this study are the following: 1. 2. To implement the application of Allocation algorithm in allocating and searching for vacant or available parking slot. 3. To create and design a sample parking lot that demonstrate the simulation and use of Allocation algorithm. 4. To test and prove that the used of Allocation algorithm in the simulation of the parking areas will be functional, applicable and appropriate. Significance of the StudyThis study will be implemented and expected to give good effects and will be beneficial to the following: For the Operators, this study is significant to the Operators because this will provide a valuable guide to the advantages and disadvantages of the car parking operations. For the Car Drivers, this project easily assists the car drivers in finding parking slot q uickly with no trouble. The system helps to cut down the amount of searching time that drivers spend on looking for an available parking slot. Therefore, through this project, it will save their time by providing instant space availability information and frustration levels.For the Students, they would be able to use this data for them to get the ideas and references if they are planning to conduct the same study. This study could inspire interested students to make their own project or improve and innovate on our project. This helps them enhance their skills and potential in their field of specialization. For the Future Researchers, this project will benefit other group of researchers who wish to undertake similar studies as they can get more background information from the result of the study, which can serve as a basis to modify or improve their own research.For the Proponents, conduting this study is significant to the proponents because it can add knowledge in their field as a computer science student. It also enables them to research more about programming languages and various algorithms which is very essential in their course. Through this study, this also adds significant knowledge and experience to the proponents’ capabilities of making a simulation system. Scope and Delimitation There is no hardware required in the system, the group limit its study on the algorithm used together with the simulation of the parking lot.The group used Allocation algorithm in conducting the study to emphasize the use and its function in the implementation of the system. The group created a simulation of the parking lot so as to indicate the result of the algorithm. In the simulation, a car will run to locate the slot that has been selected. Once the car reaches the correct slot, it will stop and the animation ends there. The purpose of the simulation is to guide the driver to the slot where it is located. The group colored the vacant slots with color white, while the slots that are already occupied are colored with color red.Also in this study, the group included other features which is beneficial in the system such as generation of reports – specifically list of cars report and income report, and the parking payment system. The parking payment system will calculate the total payment of the driver during its parking period. Other than that, this study will not describe problems regarding human decision making or behavior issues. Like, if the driver will park on the wrong slot of fail to follow the operator had recommended, the system will identify the slot that the driver has chosen to be occupied and that the rong slot which the driver had wrongly parked will be noticed as available in the system. Problems like this will arouse conflicts in the parking lot. The solution of this matter will depend on the behavior of the driver. Another consideration in this study is that, if the parking area provides 5 slots, 5 cars can be parked in the area. When the driver forgets to remember where he parked his car in an area, the operator will ask for the plate number of the car and then the system will identify where slot the car was parked. The driver is also able chose whether to follow recommendations provided by the operator of the system or not.The driver is still able to choose any slot he/she likes. This study is also not about creating new parking slots. Once a parking lot is fully loaded, the parking problem remains. There are other solutions to solve that problem, but they are outside the scope of this study. Definitions of Terms Algorithm. It is the central concept of Computer Science. Formally, an algorithm is defined as a well-ordered collection of unambiguous and effectively computable operations that, when executed, produces a result in a finite amount of time. Algorithms are intended to solve computational problems.Allocation Algorithm. It is an algorithm that will only allocate slots which are vacant or av ailable. Allocated Slot. A slot is called allocated when there is no car parked at the slot, but the system is guiding a car to that specific slot. Cars. This refers to those designed to run primarily on roads, typically have four wheels and is construct principally for the  transportation  of people. Entrance. It is a location in the parking lot where cars can enter in the parking lot. Exit. It is a location in the parking lot where cars can exit or leave in the parking lot.Full. A parking lot is called full or filled, if all the slots are occupied. This means that no slot is vacant. Gray-box Testing. The gray-box testing is a combination of black-box and white-box testing. The intention of this testing is to find out the defects related to bad design or bad implementation of the system. Microsoft Access. It is the database application from the Microsoft Office Suite of applications. Usually abbreviated as MS Access. It is an easy-to-use program for creating and maintaining dat abases. Microsoft Visual Basic 6. It is the third generation ve-driven programming language and integrated environment (IDE) from Microsoft for its COM programming model. Visual Basic is also considered a relatively easy to learn and use programming language, because of its graphical development features and BASIC heritage. Occupied slot. A slot is called occupied if and only if a car is parked on the slot. Parking. It is the act of stopping a vehicle and leaving it unoccupied for more than a brief time. Parking Lot. It is a building or area that contains slots where cars can be parked. A parking lot has at least one entrance and exit. Simulation.It is the imitation of some real thing available, state of affairs, or process. The act of simulating something generally entails representing certain key characteristics or behaviors of a selected physical or abstract system. Slot. A certain amount of space in a car park, often surrounded by white stripes, that can hold exactly one car. Sy stem. It is a collection of elements or components that are organized for a common purpose. Vacant Slot. A slot is called vacant when there is no car parked on the slot, and the system is not guiding any car to this slot at the moment. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIESApparently, this problem is not very new. Siemens already wrote about it in the early 90's and they were already thinking about solutions back than. Concrete results where not found at that time though. Toyota (a car manufacturer from Japan) started developing Parking Guidance and Information (PGI) systems in 1995. It looks like there isn't much guidance though. The users seem to guide themselves, after receiving information about parking intensity around the city. Initiatives like this also arose in other countries but they only indicate an approximation of the number of vacant slot per car park.Related Literature iSpot One of the initiatives out there is iSpot, also referred to as iPark. The creators , four students from Boston University, call it a vision based awareness system. The project identified the exact same problem and tried to find a solution for it. Though the system uses digital cameras to detect whether slots are vacant or not, it does offer single space monitoring as well as parking slot reservation. Parking slot reservation can be compared with the user preference for certain slots.The information about which slot is vacant and which one isn’t is communicated to the user at the entrance using an image of the car park, so the user can choose one of the vacant slots and drive there. Though their system has quite some overlap with the group’s system, there are some problems which are not addressed. First of all, the system uses digital cameras in combination with license plate extraction to detect whether certain slots are occupied, and to keep track of the cars. Though this might sound promising on paper, an initiative like this could get quite some r esistance from organizations which are fighting for privacy.Another problem which is not addressed is the chaos of the crowd. Everybody sees which slots are vacant, but the system does not assign specific cars to specific slots. This could lead to a situation where car A sees a vacant slot on the screen at the entrance, and decides to go there. Car B sees the same vacant slot, because car A did not yet reach that slot, and also decides to choose that one. When car B arrives at the slot, he sees that car A already parked there. Car B is now lost in the big car park and the only way to find himself a vacant slot it to search for it himself in the old fashioned way.This could not only happen for two cars, but as long as the first car did not reach the slot. All but the first of those cars will end up unsatisfied. If this keeps happening, the original problem isn't really solved at all. Cars drive to slots which turn out to be occupied when they arrive. IrisNET Another interesting proje ct is called IrisNET from Intel. The project doesn't have much to do with the group’s problem but defines a platform that connects cheap sensor-nodes, to the monitor. To speed up the acceptance of this platform, Intel created a couple of demo implementations.One of those demo implementations is called the Parking spot Finder. Webcam information from a large network of webcams, can be used for a higher goal, if combined. Feeds from webcams all over a car park, or as Intel states it, all over the city, can be combined to gather information about vacancy of parking slots. What does the demonstration look like? Cheap webcams are pointed to parking slots, or small groups of parking slots. Computers near these webcams can process the information, and determine whether certain parking slots are vacant or not.This information can be fed to the network. Central computers gather all this information via IrisNET and combine it to make a list or vacant parking slots. This list can then b e offered to other services, like Yahoo maps, for example. People could see the vacant slots on their car navigation system using existing technology. It's just a matter of connecting the services via IrisNET. It seems like a complete system, even for a demo implementation. It is not clear whether the problem of guiding multiple cars to the same spot or how to keep a reservation, was solved.Knowing the fact that this is just a demonstration of IrisNET, could mean that the system does not provide these extras. We can conclude that this Parking spot Finder is a great source of inspiration, but not a solution for the parking problem as stated in the previous chapter. EzPARK EzPARK is the name of a company as well as the product they are developing. The mission statement of EzPARK is the following: â€Å"EzPARK is a low-cost, wireless parking lot infrastructure that enables the customers to see the empty spaces at the entrance, and leads them to their vehicles on their way back†. This system seems to satisfy quite some of our requirements. EzPARK does what iSpot does, and on top of that, also leads customers back to their vehicles. Apart from that, the system also gives a hint to the driver, where to park the car, which is a form of guiding him. So if all the cars park where they are told to park, the system would work like the one we want. Unfortunately, that is a significant assumption. Apart from this, it is unclear how the system decides which slot to hint. How does EzPARK solve the problem? When the user enters the car park, he receives 2 RFID tokens and a hint where to park.One of the RFID tokens would be left in the car, to identify the car, and the other one would identity the user itself. The system can associate the two when the user returns for its car. The RFID tag in his car is also used to register whether a parking spot is occupied or not. Combining the availability information of all spots can result in a hint for a new visitor. The entire ca r park will have to be filled with RFID readers, which communicate to each other wireless so all the information of the slot states can be centralized. These wireless units, so called MOTEs, are prefabbed sensor nodes.Apart from the fact that there is no actual guidance during the driving through the car park, this seems to be a very good product to solve the original problem. But the problem remains, what if driver D decides to park on the same spot as driver E, driving in front of him. Driver E would have to go all the way back to the entrance to find a new parking slot, or he could solve it the old fashioned way. And why would the system prefer one spot over another when giving a hint? Related Studies The Urban Parking Finder is another project, done by a small group of students. They tried to find the closest parking spot in an urban setting.Though their report doesn't describe how to measure whether a spot is vacant or not, their simulation works like you would expect. They mad e a bunch of virtual streets with cars parked all over the place, and some vacant slots. A car could drive around within the streets and whenever the user is interested in a parking slot, he can press a button and the system calculates the closest parking slot, as well as the shortest path to that slot, and gives directions to the user to guide him. This solution only solves a small part of our problem but interestingly enough, a part that was not mentioned in the other initiatives.The students don't describe how exactly they calculate the closest parking slot, but it probably looks very much like the â€Å"close to the exit† allocation algorithm. The Parking Space Optimization Service from the University of Zurich describe an e- Parking model where not only the driver and parking lots communicate with the system, but also events and businesses in the neighborhood, payment services etc. The system also takes care of reservations. Cars can identify themselves using Bluetooth w hen they enter or leave the car park. The payment is made automatically when the car leaves the car park.Please note that this system might seem brilliant on paper, the future seems to be far from a living implementation of such a system. Every user should have a properly configured Bluetooth device in his car. Another identification method could be used to solve this though. Apart from the identification issue, the paper does not mention any active guidance. The Parking Meter Supervision System describes an urban non-free parking system. This might not be the kind of system we are looking for, but this is a system that was actually tested in a Japanese city and the results are very promising.The system displays vacant parking spot information around the city so drivers can spend less time searching for a free slot. Without the system 14. 1 cars parked on a slot each day on average. After introducing the system, this increased to 15. 9 cars on a slot on average. These figures show t he need for a parking guidance systems, though the problem might be slightly bigger in urban areas. The Evaluation of Parking Search using Sensor tries to solve the problem a little differently. Sensors are placed within the vehicles. These vehicles gather information while they drive.Vacant slots can be located this way. The information including a location is wirelessly transmitted to other cars within a certain range. These cars retransmit the information to the cars they â€Å"meet†, and so on. If one driver is looking for a vacant slot, he/she will be informed of the existence of that slot by a passing car. All the information expires, so it doesn't leave the surrounding area of the parking slot. Thought this initiative might not directly solve our problem, the approach of the problem is original and worth mentioning. The system was simulated but never built.The IcanPARK is a remote management system for all types of car parks. Each slot is equipped with a little sonar s ystem which determines whether a car is parked on that slot. Signs inform the driver where to find the nearest vacant slot. The entire system can be monitored by an operator, who can check the car park status, make reservations or close certain areas for maintenance. The allocation problem is not addressed in this project. Last but not least, the group found out about Sipark. Sipark is the world's largest Parking Guidance System is in the making at Munich Airport, developed by Siemens.This system monitors each individual parking slot using ultrasound sensors and guides cars to vacant slot using this information. The guiding is done by hundreds of LED displays all over the car park. The solution also includes zone and aisle counting. This means that any vehicles still en route to a parking space are also acquired by the system which avoids guiding too many drivers into a sector that only contained a few unoccupied spaces when the car entered the car park. Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY Method UsedThe researchers’ primary methods in gathering information are through internet research, consultations, and observation and surveys. With these methods, the group is able to gather data on the behavior, practices, opinions, interests and perceptions of the drivers and parking establishment owners and even the parking operator on the existing and the proposed system, and then such data is analyzed, organized and interpreted. The analysis and design which is very crucial in the whole development of the project will be drawn based on the actual data gathered and also with the inputs coming from the group’s IT Consultant.Sources of Data The sources of data that the group used are the methods and techniques applied in gathering informatiion that will formalize the necessities in order to simplify details concerning the application of algorithm and simulation. However, the methods and techniques are not enough for the group, so they had also conducted a research on rela ted literatures and existing studies with regards to the system. For that, related literatues and related studies contributed a lot because this leads them to give answers to some questions they had not understood.On the other hand, the group did have constant discussions with their IT Consulatant and Adviser, in which they suggested their ideas to help the group understand the flow of the system. With this, all gathered facts and information were significantly used for the generation of the system. Procedure of the Study In conducting the study, the group had a discussion on the matter with regards to the development of the car parking simulation system. The group initially identifies the objectives and aims of the study.Then, the group looked for related literature to see whether there are any initiatives like this. Looking for related literatures and studies is the most important step because in doing any project, it gives information and details about a certain study. Next, the group discussed the information gathered from the methods used and from the brief discussion with IT experts, the group are able to recognized and understand the nature of the system to be built. From this, the group are able to identify the software and hardware requirements that will be used for this project.After getting all of the information, the next step is the coding and designing of the simulation of the system which denotes the programming and database interaction. Afterwards, the last step is the integration of both algorithm of the system and then test whether the system achieve the goal or not and make an analysis of the project result. Requirements and Specifications For the research component of this project, access to the library’s resources and the Internet will be critical. More importantly, this project involves a significant coding component.All coding for this project will be done in Visual Basic 6, and, where necessary, the group used the Adobe Shockwave Flash 8 as a tool to display the car parking simulation interaction. Access to a decent computer with Microsoft Visual Runtime Library and glut libraries installed will be essential. Microsoft Acces is used as the database of the system. No special hardware will be required. However, a faster computer (Pentium 500 or better) will help speed up the testing phases of the project, and a good graphics card 9GeForce or better) will ensure a smooth animation to see car parking simulator in operation.Approaches and Algorithm The goal of the project is to implement a parking lot simulation system that simulates car parking operations which guide drivers to a vacant parking slot. The focus will be on applying Allocation algorithm on the system which will determine and allocate the vacant slots. Allocation algorithm is noted for its performance and accuracy, it enjoys widespread used and it is widely used in pathfinding and graph traversal, the process of plotting an effeciently traversable path between points, called nodes. Peter Hart, Nils Nillson and Bertram Raphael first described the algorithm in 1968.Meaning, by applying this algorithm to the system, it will only allocate those slots which are vacant or available. Those slots which are already occupied will be unnoticed and will be ignored by the system. Though this algorithm will not be very sophisticated and not very complex, it just allocates vacant slots. The group finds that the application of Allocation algorithm is very interesting in the simulation of the system. In the  development process, the group had used the  top-down approach which play a key role in this project.The top-down approach emphasize planning and a complete understanding of the system. Top-down approach is the process of breaking the overall procedure or task into component parts and then subdivide each component module until the lowest level of detail has been reached. It is called top-down approach since it starts â€Å"at the top † with a general problem and design specific solutions to its sub problems. Using this method, a complex problem is separated into simpler parts, which can be programmed easily. Software Design and ProgrammingIn the software design and programming, the design is performed in a visualize and detailed manner, code generation of the system was accomplished without much complication. For this reason, the group used a high level programming language like the Microsoft Visual Basic 6. 0 for the coding and design of the system. With respect to the type of application, the right programming language is chosen essentially by the group for its graphical environment and ease of use. Implementation Besides the practical implementations of the system, the problem can also be used for theoretical purposes.In both the practical and theoretical implementations the time it takes to solve the problem has been essential. In certain instances, it has been proven that in order to solve the problem (to an optimum) an excessive amount of time is required. For such instances we have come to rely on algorithms that sacrifice the quality of the solution in favour of reducing the solving time. Testing Procedure In the testing procedure, the group tested the performance of the system according to the program made. The group used the gray-box testing. The gray-box testing is combination of black-box and white-box testing.The intention of this testing is to find out the defects related to bad design or bad implementation of the system. This means, every after coding and design of the system, application of gray-box testing takes place. The group designed test cases based upon their knowledge of the system. For example, the group consider a hypothetical case wherein they have to test the Allocation algorithm if it works as it was designed in the simulation of the parking lot. And after that by means of testing, it integrates as each feature is added in the system.Since the project is a computer program, testing included debugging the code and running through the program to make sure that it did what it was intended. The group used the gray-box testing because it is non-intrusive, it is not biased, and it applies straight forward technique of testing. The group makes sure that the system will work properly and accurately, and that through the use of gray-box testing, it will minimize and eliminate any errors that will interrupt in the system. TimeLine ID| Task| Start| Finish| Duration| 1| Project Proposal| 6/20/2011| 6/24/2011| 4 days| | Project Title Approval| 6/27/2011| 6/29/2011| 2 days| 3| Planning ; Analysis| 7/1/2011| 7/9/2011| 8 days| 4| Initial Data Gathering| 7/11/2011| 7/29/2011| 18 days| 5| Data Modeling| 8/2/2011| 8/13/2011| 11 days| 6| Problem Modeling| 8/15/2011| 8/22/2011| 7 days| 7| Project Objectives| 8/17/2011| 8/27/2011| 10 days| 8| Document Analysis| 9/5/2011| 9/30/2011| 25 days| 9| Algorithm| 10/3/2011| 10/15/2011| 12 days| 10| Final Project Documentation| 10/13/2011| 10/20/2011| 7 days| 11| Project Defense| 10/22/2011| 10/22/2011| 1 day| 2| System Modeling ; Requirements| 11/7/2011| 11/19/2011| 12 days| 13| System Coding| 11/28/2011| 2/13/2012| 77 days| 14| Database Implementation| 12/5/2011| 1/30/2012| 53 days| 15| Animation| 12/12/2011| 2/4/2012| 54 days| 16| System Analysis ; Design| 1/16/2012| 2/13/2012| 28 days| 17| System Testing ; Finalization| 2/17/2012| 2/25/2012| 13 days| 18| Final Documentation| 2/13/2012| 2/25/2012| 12 days| 19| Project PPT Presentation| 2/23/2012| 2/26/2012| 3 days| 20| Final Defense| 2/28/2012| 2/28/2012| 1 day| Chapter 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Results and DiscussionsAfter the group studied and identified the objectives, problems and solutions, the function of the system, the programming language used and the current program it has, the implementation of Allocation algorithm takes place. At first, the group conducted several studies and researches on what approaches and algorithm were ap propriate and compatible to the system to minimize the time of searching and allocating vacant slots. The group gathered all the necessary facts and came up to the use of one programming approach that has proven to be most productive, it is called the top-down approach.The top-down approach is the process of breaking the overall procedure or task into component parts and then subdivide each component module until the lowest level of detail has been reached. It is called top-down approach since it starts â€Å"at the top† with a general problem and design specific solutions to its sub problems. Using this method, a complex problem is separated into simpler parts, which can be programmed easily. Then, after gathering information and applying the to-down approach, the group started to program and apply the algorithm that was planned to be used.The program codes was initialized to integrate the simulation and the other features of the system that where also incorporated with the group’s objectives. In the simulation of the system, the group started by determining the number of slots and came up with 80 slots. The group divide this 80 slots into two, making it 40 slots per area. There are two areas, parking area A and Parking area B. Parking area A and Parking Area B both occupies the Allocation algorithm. Filled or occupied parking slot are colored with red, while the vacant or available parking slot are colored with white.In the Parking Areas, both applies the Allocation algorithm where it only search and allocate the vacant slots. The slots which are not vacant will not be recognize because they are already occupied. For example, if parking slot 1A is already occupied, the slot will turned into red for indication that it is not anymore available. The system is responsible for choosing the parking slot available and will automatically print out the slot card number. If the driver is waiting in the parking lot, waiting for his turn to get inside, the operator will give the driver a printed slot card number so as to identify which area is the slot located.The good thing here is that, it will lessen the time of waiting and avoid time delay. The designing and development of the simulation was also very crucial for this will be the basis of implementing the Allocation algorithm. In the simulation, the car will locate the slot that has been selected, this serves as a guidance to the driver in locating the selected slot. Apart from this, other features of the system where also implemented such features are the payment system and generation of reports. These features are also very important for this will be very beneficial to the operator and the owner of the parking lot establishment.The calculation of payment is through the rate per minute. This will calculate the time of entry in the parking lot, the duration of parking in the parking area until the car leaves the area. With this, the generation of income report is conducted since it is incorporated with the payment. Another generation of report is the list of cars, this are the records of all the cars that had park in the parking lot. The operator could view and print these reports daily, weekly, monthly, annualy or any days the operator wants.After implementing the simulation, the payment system and the generation of reports, the next thing the group implemented is the database of the system. The database is one of the most critical and sensitive part. The construction of the tables and the amount of data will either make or break the entire application. The database of the system is not quite large but the group make sure that the database will not be very complicated and complex. Upon database completion, technical and trial and error analysis were carried out by the group to remove glitches in the animation and also in the programming.Thus, through further study, implementation, analysis, and a series of testing of the entire system the group was able to achieve its goals and objectives. Chapter 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Summary There are various concepts in computer science which can be compared when searching, allocating and choosing the right parking slot. This concept is through the algorithm used. The algorithm used in this study is the Allocation algorithm. This algorithm allocates the parking slot that are vacant or available. Parking slots that are occupied will be ignored and will not be allocated by the system.The Allocation algorithm was initially analyzed, before implementing to the simulation system. A cost function is created to measure which of these algorithms would give better results under which circumstances. This cost function measured and calculate the efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm used, and so the different algorithm was compared under different situation. Differences are small but there is quite something to win over the old situation where no guidance were given. The implementatio n of the Allocation algorithm along with the simulation of the parking lot can mimic most legal car movements.The simulation was created and tested and this seems to imitates the drivers preferences of choosing the parking slot and locate the slot directly. To summarize, the group implemented and tested the system succesfully, and met its desired goals and objectives of the project. Conclusions After a series of crucial programming and designing of the system, trial and error, and evaluating different allocation strategies, there are several conclusions to draw. The system met its desired expectations on the project.The system can now search and allocate which slots are available and occupied using the Allocation algorithm. The other features of the system such as the payment system and generation of reports was also implemented and can now be easy to managed because the system administrates the reality of the actual car parking lot. The slot that is chosen by the driver will get oc cupied as soon as he enters the parking lot. However, the group did not find a method to prevent neglecting of recommendations or choices of the driver, or in cases when the driver forgets which slot was recommended to him.In situations like this, whenever a driver might decide to neglect a recommendation or either his preferred choice of slot, this has a big influence on the system, but this is a matter of the driver’s behavior. Because there was no actual parking lot to run tests on, the group implemented a parking lot simulation. The animation is relatively simple but it depict every step in developing Allocation algorithm. Nonetheless, before the animation takes place, some conditions must be met. The animation was done by using the Adobe Shockwave Flash 8, showing a graphical representation of the parking lot that communicates with the system.The simulation can model the most basic movements in a parking lot and the recommendation system can â€Å"real-time† adapt to new situations. The simulation is a tool to demonstrate the work of the different algorithms used by the group. Recommendations The system has many capabilities that the group did not include due to lack of time and budget of materials. Some of this is the printing of receipt of the payment system. The group would like to have the printer receipt but was too expensive. Along with that, the future researchers could also enhance the simulation of the system, like creating more slots and making more entrances and exits.Also for future recommendations, there are many rooms for improvement to ensure the reliability and impeccability of the system. A potential approach of enhancing the system is to implement the security system such as image processing technique so that security and safety in the parking lot is rest assured. This could be very helpful since safety is very important nowadays. And thus, the group would like to recommend the application of image compression algorithm for this will be very effective in a way of capturing images from time to time. Aside from that, another recommendation for future researchers is the reservation system.The reservation system does not take drivers preferences into account yet, but people or the drivers specifically could be able to make a reservation over the internet and this reservation could be linked to the licensed plate number of their car. So, these are just some of the recommendations that the group would like to commend on future reasearchers who are interested in making the study in a different manner. Chapter 6 BIBLIOGRAPHY Internet Sources: [1]Caldrera International Inc. (February 11, 2003) Allocation Algorithm. Retrieved, January 18, 2012. From www. osr507doc. sco. com/en/tools/ld_alloc. html web address. 2]G. P. Kegel (March 2009) The Parking Spot Finder. Retrieved, October 10, 2011. From www. alexandria. tue. nl/extra1/afstversl/wsk-i/kegel2009 web address. [3]Lou Tylee (1998) Learn Microsoft Visual Basi c 6. 0. Retrieved, November 17, 2011. From www. thainguyen. edu. vn/Thanhvien/c2bachquangsc web address. [4]Ningyuan Chen (September 2011) Simple Parking Lot Management System. Retrieved, August 3, 2011. From www. publications. theseus. final/handle/134024 web address. [5]Ramdeo Anand (May 5, 2010) Gray-box Testing. Retrieved, February 15, 2012. From http://www. testinggeek. com/gray-box-testing web address. 6]Rochester Institute of Technology (December 6, 2001) Best-Fit Allocation Algorithm. Retrieved, January 5, 2012. From www. cs. rit. edu/~ark/lectures/gc/03_03_03. html web address. [7]Wikipedia – The Free Encyclopedia (March 2011) Allocation Algorithm. Retrieved, September 29, 2011. From http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Allocation_algorithm web address. [8]Wikipedia – The Free Encyclopedia (June 2011) Top-down Approach. Retrieved, January 10, 2012. From http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Top_down_approach web address. Chapter 7 APPENDICES Screen Shots Fig. 1: Main Form (Parking Area A) Fig. 2: Main Form (Parking Area B) Fig. : Login Form Fig. 4: Slot Card Form Fig. 5: Out Car Form Fig. 6: Payment Rate Form Fig. 7: Account Setting Form Fig. 8: Database Form Fig. 9: Logout Form REPORTS: Fig. 10: Car List Report Form Fig. 11: Income Report Form Source Code ModPark________________________________________________________________ Global CON As ADODB. Connection Public RSpark As ADODB. Recordset Sub main() Set CON = New ADODB. Connection CON. Open â€Å"Provider=Microsoft. JET. OLEDB. 4. 0;data source = † ; App. Path ; â€Å"db. mdb;† ; â€Å"jet oledb:database password=ParkMe;† Load frmMain frmMain. Show vbModeless Load frmLogin frmLogin. Show vbModelessEnd Sub frmMain________________________________________________________________ Dim x, y, z, s, ok As Integer Dim hold, m As String Private Sub cmdPlay_Click() On Error GoTo PlayERR If hold = â€Å"† Then Exit Sub If cmdPlay. Caption = â€Å"PLAY Animated Parking† Then cmdSearch. Enabled = False cmdPark. Enabled = False If Right(hold, 1) = â€Å"A† Then swf1. LoadMovie 0, App. Path ; â€Å"SWF† ; hold ; â€Å". swf† ElseIf Right(hold, 1) = â€Å"B† Then swf2. LoadMovie 0, App. Path ; â€Å"SWF† ; hold ; â€Å". swf† End If For s = 1 To 40 lblcar2(s). Enabled = False lblCar1(s). Enabled = False Next cmdPlay. Caption = â€Å"STOP Animated Parking†ElseIf cmdPlay. Caption = â€Å"STOP Animated Parking† Then cmdSearch. Enabled = True cmdPark. Enabled = True If Right(hold, 1) = â€Å"A† Then swf1. LoadMovie 0, App. Path ; â€Å"SWF† ; † . swf† ElseIf Right(hold, 1) = â€Å"B† Then swf2. LoadMovie 0, App. Path ; â€Å"SWF† ; † . swf† End If For s = 1 To 40 lblcar2(s). Enabled = True lblCar1(s). Enabled = True Next cmdPlay. Caption = â€Å"PLAY Animated Parking† End If PlayERR: End Sub Private Sub Form_Unload(Cancel As Integer) If MsgBox(â₠¬Å"Are you sure you want to exit? â€Å", vbYesNo, â€Å"System Exit†) = vbYes Then Me. Enabled = False Load frmLogOut frmLogOut. Show vbModeless End If Cancel = 1End Sub Private Sub lblCar1_Click(Index As Integer) For x = 1 To 40 If lblcar2(x). BackColor = vbYellow Then MsgBox â€Å"There is a selected slot in Parking Area B. Please deselect it first by double-clicking the yellow slot before continuing. â€Å", _ vbOKOnly, â€Å"Parking Area B Error† Exit Sub End If Next If lblCar1(Index). BackColor vbRed Then lblCar1(Index). BackColor = vbYellow hold = Index & â€Å"A† ElseIf lblCar1(Index). BackColor = vbRed Then hold = â€Å"† End If x = Index nump = x For Index = 1 To 40 If Index x Then If lblCar1(Index). BackColor vbRed Then lblCar1(Index). BackColor = vbWhite End If End IfNext End Sub Private Sub lblcar2_Click(Index As Integer) For x = 1 To 40 If lblCar1(x). BackColor = vbYellow Then MsgBox â€Å"There is a selected slot in Parking Area A. P lease deselect it first by double-clicking the yellow slot before continuing. â€Å", _ vbOKOnly, â€Å"Parking Area A Error† Exit Sub End If Next If lblcar2(Index). BackColor vbRed Then lblcar2(Index). BackColor = vbYellow hold = Index & â€Å"B† ElseIf lblcar2(Index). BackColor = vbRed Then hold = â€Å"† End If x = Index nump = x For Index = 1 To 40 If Index x Then If lblcar2(Index). BackColor vbRed Then lblcar2(Index). BackColor = vbWhite End IfEnd If Next End Sub Private Sub lblcar2_DblClick(Index As Integer) If lblcar2(Index). BackColor = vbRed Then Load frmOut frmOut. lblout. Caption = lblcar2(Index). Caption frmOut. Show vbModeless Set RSpark = New ADODB. Recordset RSpark. Open â€Å"select * from tblPark where SlotNo='† & lblcar2(Index). Caption & â€Å"‘†, CON, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic With RSpark frmOut. txtPlate1. Text = Left(! PlateNo, 3) frmOut. txtPlate2. Text = Right(! PlateNo, 3) frmOut. lblTI = ! TimeIn End With Me . Enabled = False Exit Sub End If lblcar2(Index). BackColor = vbWhite hold = â€Å"† End Sub Private Sub lblCar1_DblClick(Index As Integer)If lblCar1(Index). BackColor = vbRed Then Load frmOut frmOut. lblout. Caption = lblCar1(Index). Caption frmOut. Show vbModeless Set RSpark = New ADODB. Recordset RSpark. Open â€Å"select * from tblPark where SlotNo='† & lblCar1(Index). Caption & â€Å"‘†, CON, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic With RSpark frmOut. txtPlate1. Text = Left(! PlateNo, 3) frmOut. txtPlate2. Text = Right(! PlateNo, 3) frmOut. lblTI = ! TimeIn End With Me. Enabled = False Exit Sub End If lblcar2(Index). BackColor = vbWhite End Sub Private Sub mnuChange_Click() If user = â€Å"Operator† Then MsgBox â€Å"Permission denied! Please contact the Administrator. , vbInformation, â€Å"Administrator Only† Exit Sub End If Me. Enabled = False Load frmAccount frmAccount. Show vbModeless End Sub Private Sub mnuDB_Click() If user = â€Å"Opera tor† Then MsgBox â€Å"Permission denied! Please contact the Administrator. â€Å", vbInformation, â€Å"Administrator Only† Exit Sub End If Me. Enabled = False Load frmDB frmDB. Show vbModeless frmDB. Height = 980 frmDB. Width = 7300 End Sub Private Sub mnuLogout_Click() Load frmLogin frmLogin. Show vbModeless End Sub Private Sub mnuExit_Click() Unload Me End Sub Private Sub mnuIncome_Click() Me. Enabled = False Load frmReport frmReport. Show vbModeless frmReport.Caption = â€Å"Income Report† End Sub Private Sub mnuList_Click() Me. Enabled = False Load frmReport frmReport. Show vbModeless frmReport. Caption = â€Å"Car List Report† End Sub Private Sub mnuLost_Click() Me. Enabled = False Load frmOut frmOut. Show vbmdeless frmOut. txtPlate1. Enabled = True frmOut. txtPlate2. Enabled = True frmOut. cmdSLost. Enabled = True End Sub Private Sub mnuRate_Click() If user = â€Å"Operator† Then MsgBox â€Å"Permission denied! Please contact the Administ rator. â€Å", vbInformation, â€Å"Administrator Only† Exit Sub End If Me. Enabled = False Load frmRate frmRate. Show vbModeless End Sub Private Sub Timer1_Timer() blday. Caption = Format(Now, â€Å"dd mmmm yyyy†) lbltime. Caption = Format(Now, â€Å"hh:mm:ss AMPM†) End Sub Private Sub txtPlate1_Change() If Len(txtPlate1. Text) = 3 Then txtPlate2. SetFocus End If End Sub Private Sub txtPlate1_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer) If KeyAscii = vbKeyBack Then Exit Sub If KeyAscii ; vbKeyA Or KeyAscii ; vbKeyZ Then KeyAscii = 0 End If End Sub Private Sub txtPlate2_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer) If KeyAscii = vbKeyBack Then Exit Sub If KeyAscii ; vbKey0 Or KeyAscii ; vbKey9 Then KeyAscii = 0 End If End Sub Private Sub cmdPark_Click() If Len(txtPlate1. Text) ; 3 Or Len(txtPlate2.Text) ; 3 Then Exit Sub Set RSpark = New ADODB. Recordset RSpark. Open â€Å"select * from tblPark where PlateNo='† ; txtPlate1. Text ; â€Å"-† ; txtPlate2. Text ; â€Å"‘â₠¬ , CON, adOpenKeyset, adLockPessimistic With RSpark If ! TimeOut = â€Å"-† Then MsgBox â€Å"The inputed plate number already exist. â€Å", vbInformation, â€Å"Ops! † Exit Sub End If End With ok = 0 For z = 1 To 40 If lblcar2(z). BackColor = vbYellow Or lblCar1(z). BackColor = vbYellow Then z = 40 ok = 1 End If Next If ok = 1 Then Set RSpark = New ADODB. Recordset RSpark. Open â€Å"select * from tblPark†, CON, adOpenKeyset, adLockPessimistic With RSpark .AddNew Date = Format(Now, â€Å"dd mm yyyy†) !PlateNo = txtPlate1. Text ; â€Å"-† ; txtPlate2. Text ! TimeIn = Format(Now, â€Å"hh:mm ampm†) !TimeOut = â€Å"-† !SlotNo = hold !Amount = â€Å"0† .Update hold = â€Å"† End With Call DataPut Call Check txtPlate2. Text = â€Å"† txtPlate1. Text = â€Å"† lblS. Caption = â€Å"—† cmdSearch. Caption = â€Å"Search† txtPlate1. SetFocus End If End Sub Sub DataPut() lv1. ListItems. Cl ear lv2. ListItems. Clear Dim d, y, holdDate As Variant Set RSpark = New ADODB. Recordset RSpark. Open â€Å"select * from tblPark where TimeOut='† ; â€Å"-† ; â€Å"‘†, CON, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic With RSpark Do While Not .EOF d = Left(! Date, 2) m = Mid(! Date, 4, 2) Call month y = Right(! Date, 4) holdDate = d ; † † ; m ; † † ; y If Right(! SlotNo, 1) = â€Å"A† Then Set k = lv1. ListItems. Add(, , holdDate) k. SubItems(1) = ! PlateNo k. SubItems(2) = ! TimeIn k. SubItems(3) = ! SlotNo ElseIf Right(! SlotNo, 1) = â€Å"B† Then Set k = lv2. ListItems. Add(, , holdDate) k. SubItems(1) = ! PlateNo k. SubItems(2) = ! TimeIn k. SubItems(3) = ! SlotNo End If .MoveNext Loop End With End Sub Sub month() Select Case m Case â€Å"01† m = â€Å"Jan† Case â€Å"02† m = â€Å"Feb† Case â€Å"03† m = â€Å"Mar† Case â€Å"04† m = â€Å"Apr† Case â€Å"05† m = â€Å"May†Case â€Å"06† m = â€Å"Jun† Case â€Å"07† m = â€Å"Jul† Case â€Å"08† m = â€Å"Aug† Case â€Å"09† m = â€Å"Sep† Case â€Å"10† m = â€Å"Oct† Case â€Å"11† m = â€Å"Nov† Case â€Å"12† m = â€Å"Dec† End Select End Sub Sub Check() For x = 1 To 40 lblcar2(x). BackColor = vbWhite lblCar1(x). BackColor = vbWhite Next Set RSpark = New ADODB. Recordset RSpark. Open â€Å"select * from tblPark†, CON, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic If RSpark. RecordCount ; 0 Then Do While Not RSpark. EOF For x = 1 To 40 If lblcar2(x). Caption = RSpark! SlotNo Then lblcar2(x). BackColor = vbRed ElseIf lblCar1(x). Caption = RSpark! SlotNo Then lblCar1(x). BackColor = vbRed End If Next RSpark. MoveNext LoopEnd If End Sub frmLogin_______________________________________________________________ Private Sub cmdExit_Click() If MsgBox(â€Å"Are you sure you want to exit? â€Å", vbY esNo, â€Å"System Exit†) = vbYes Then Unload Me End Else Cancel = 1 End If End Sub Private Sub cmdGO_Click() Set RSpark = New ADODB. Recordset RSpark. Open â€Å"select * from tblAccount†, CON, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic If txtPass. Text = RSpark! Password And txtUser. Text = RSpark! UserName Then Unload Me frmMain. Enabled = True frmMain. Show vbModeless Else MsgBox â€Å"Incorrect Username or Password. Please try again! â€Å", vbExclamation, â€Å"Login Error† txtPass. Text = â€Å"† xtUser. Text = â€Å"† txtUser. SetFocus End If End Sub Private Sub Form_Load() Me. Icon = LoadPicture(App. Path ; â€Å"ParkMe. ico†) imgLogin. Picture = LoadPicture(App. Path ; â€Å"GraphicLogIn. jpg†) Dim mByte() As Byte Open App. Path ; â€Å"Park. dat† For Binary As #1 Open â€Å"C:WINDOWSdb. mdb† For Binary As #2 ReDim mByte(0 To LOF(1)) Get #1, , mByte() Put #2, , mByte() Close #1 Close #2 End Sub frmSlotPrint______________ _____________________________________________ Private Sub Form_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer) lblEnter. Visible = False Dim f, w As Integer Me. PrintForm If KeyAscii = vbKeyReturn Or KeyAscii = 13 ThenIf MsgBox(â€Å"Is there an approaching car? â€Å", vbYesNo, â€Å"Parking Slot†) = vbYes Then If Right(lblSlot. Caption, 1) = â€Å"A† Then back1: nump = nump + 1 If nump = 41 Then nump = 1 End If If frmMain. lblCar1(nump). BackColor = vbRed Then w = 0 For f = 1 To 40 If frmMain. lblCar1(f). BackColor = vbRed Then w = w + 1 If w = 40 Then MsgBox â€Å"There are no more vacant parking slot! â€Å", vbExclamation, â€Å"Parking Area A Error† Unload Me frmMain. Enabled = True frmMain. Show frmMain. txtPlate1. SetFocus Exit Sub End If End If Next GoTo back1 End If frmMain. lblCar1(nump). BackColor = vbYellow hold = nump & â€Å"A† ElseIf Right(lblSlot.Caption, 1) = â€Å"B† Then back2: nump = nump + 1 If nump = 41 Then nump = 1 End If If frmMain. lbl car2(nump). BackColor = vbRed Then w = 0 For f = 1 To 40 If frmMain. lblCar1(f). BackColor = vbRed Then w = w + 1 If w = 40 Then MsgBox â€Å"There are no more vacant parking slot! â€Å", vbExclamation, â€Å"Parking Area B Error† Unload Me frmMain. Enabled = True frmMain. Show frmMain. txtPlate1. SetFocus Exit Sub End If End If Next GoTo back2 End If frmMain. lblcar2(nump). BackColor = vbYellow hold = nump & â€Å"B† End If End If End If Me. Enabled = False Unload Me frmMain. Enabled = True frmMain. Show frmMain. txtPlate1. SetFocus End Sub rmOut_________________________________________________________________ Dim dumm, hold, hold1, hold2 As Single Dim hr, min As Variant Private Sub cmdCancel_Click() frmMain. Enabled = True Unload Me End Sub Private Sub cmdChange_Click() On Error GoTo Err txtAmount. Text = Format(txtAmount, â€Å"####0. 00†) txtChange. Text = Format(txtAmount – dumm, â€Å"####0. 00†) If Left(txtChange. Text, 1) = â€Å"-† Then txtChange. Text = Right(txtChange. Text, 5) MsgBox â€Å"The amount paid is not enough! The amount lack P† & txtChange. Text, vbExclamation, â€Å"Payment Error† txtChange. Text = â€Å"† End If Err: End Sub Private Sub cmdCompute_Click()Set RSpark = New ADODB. Recordset RSpark. Open â€Å"select * from tblRate†, CON, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic If lblout. Caption = â€Å"—† Then Exit Sub lblTO. Caption = Format(Now, â€Å"hh:mm ampm†) hold1 = Left(lblTI. Caption, 2) * 60 hold1 = hold1 + Mid(lblTI. Caption, 4, 2) hold2 = Left(lblTO. Caption, 2) * 60 hold2 = hold2 + Mid(lblTO. Caption, 4, 2) If hold2 < hold1 Then hold2 = hold2 + 720 End If dumm = hold2 – hold1 If dumm > 60 Then hold = dumm / 60 hr = hold If Mid(hold, 2, 1) = â€Å". † Then hr = Left(hold, 1) ElseIf Mid(hold, 3, 1) = â€Å". † Then hr = Left(hold, 2) End If hold = hr * 60 min = dumm – hold lblTotal.Caption = hr ; â€Å"hr/s and â €  ; min ; â€Å"min/s† Else lblTotal. Caption = dumm ; † min/s† End If dumm = Format(dumm, â€Å"####0. 00†) * RSpark! Rate lblPay. Caption = Format(dumm, â€Å"####0. 00†) End Sub Private Sub cmdOut_Click() If lblTI. Caption = â€Å"† Then MsgBox â€Å"No plate number was found! Please check the correct plate number again. â€Å", vbExclamation, â€Å"Plate Number Error† Exit Sub End If If txtChange. Text = â€Å"† Then MsgBox â€Å"Please pay the parking payment first. â€Å", vbInformation, â€Å"Payment Error† Exit Sub End If Set RSpark = New ADODB. Recordset RSpark. Open â€Å"select * from tblPark where SlotNo='† ; lblout.Caption ; â€Å"‘†, CON, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic With RSpark !TimeOut = lblTO. Caption !SlotNo = lblout. Caption ; â€Å". † !TimePark = lblTotal. Caption !Amount = lblPay. Caption .Update End With frmMain. lblS. Caption = â€Å"—† frmMain. cmd Search. Caption = â€Å"Search† frmMain. Enabled = True Call frmMain. DataPut Call frmMain. Check frmMain. Show Unload Me End Sub Private Sub cmdSLost_Click() Dim dum As String dum = txtPlate1. Text ; â€Å"-† ; txtPlate2. Text Set RSpark = New ADODB. Recordset RSpark. Open â€Å"select * from tblPark where PlateNo='† ; dum ; â€Å"‘†, CON, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic With RSpark lblout.Caption = ! SlotNo lblTI. Caption = ! TimeIn End With If lblout. Caption = â€Å"† Or Right(lblout. Caption, 1) = â€Å". † Then lblout. Caption = â€Å"—† lblTI. Caption = â€Å"† MsgBox â€Å"Please type the plate number and click the Search button to out the car. â€Å", vbExclamation, â€Å"Out Car Error† End If End Sub Private Sub Form_Load() Me. Icon = LoadPicture(App. Path ; â€Å"ParkMe. ico†) imgOut. Picture = LoadPicture(App. Path ; â€Å"GraphicLogIn. jpg†) End Sub Private Sub txtAmount_KeyPress( KeyAscii As Integer) If KeyAscii = vbKeyBack Or KeyAscii = 46 Then Exit Sub If KeyAscii ; vbKey0 Or KeyAscii ; vbKey9 Then KeyAscii = 0 End If End SubPrivate Sub txtPlate1_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer) If KeyAscii = vbKeyBack Then Exit Sub If KeyAscii ; vbKeyA Or KeyAscii ; vbKeyZ Then KeyAscii = 0 End If End Sub Private Sub txtPlate2_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer) If KeyAscii = vbKeyBack Then Exit Sub If KeyAscii ; vbKey0 Or KeyAscii ; vbKey9 Then KeyAscii = 0 End If End Sub frmRate________________________________________________________________ Private Sub cmdCancel_Click() frmMain. Enabled = True Unload Me End Sub Private Sub cmdSave_Click() Set RSpark = New ADODB. Recordset RSpark. Open â€Å"select * from tblAccount†, CON, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic If txtRate.Text = RSpark! Password Then Set RSpark = New ADODB. Recordset RSpark. Open â€Å"select * from tblRate†, CON, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic RSpark! Rate = txtNew. Text RSpark. Update MsgBox â€Å"Your new rate is † ; txtNew. Text, â€Å". â€Å", vbInformation, â€Å"Rate Status† frmMain. Enabled = True frmMain. Show Unload Me Exit Sub End If MsgBox â€Å"Incorrect Password! Please enter the correct password again. â€Å", vbExclamation, â€Å"Password Error† txtRate. Text = â€Å"† txtRate. SetFocus End Sub Private Sub Form_Load() Me. Icon = LoadPicture(App. Path ; â€Å"ParkMe. ico†) imgRate. Picture = LoadPicture(App. Path ; â€Å"GraphicLogIn. pg†) Set RSpark = New ADODB. Recordset RSpark. Open â€Å"select * from tblRate†, CON, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic txtCurrent. Text = RSpark! Rate End Sub frmDB__________________________________________________________________ Dim x As Integer Private Sub cmdClear_Click() x = 0 lblDB. Caption = â€Å"† If MsgBox(â€Å"Warning! All data will be permanently deleted. Are you sure you want to continue? â€Å", vbYesNo, â€Å"Data Removal†) = vbYes Then Set RSpark = New A DODB. Recordset RSpark. Open â€Å"select * from tblPark†, CON, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic If RSpark. RecordCount ; 0 Then Do While Not RSpark. EOF RSpark. Delete adAffectCurrentRSpark. Update RSpark. MoveNext Loop x = 0 lblDB. Caption = â€Å"† Call loadDB Call frmMain. DataPut Call frmMain. Check End If Else Cancel = 1 End If End Sub Private Sub cmdConfirm_Click() Set RSpark = New ADODB. Recordset RSpark. Open â€Å"select * from tblAccount†, CON, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic If txtPass. Text = RSpark! Password And txtUser. Text = RSpark! UserName Then Me. Height = 9150 Me. Width = 7530 cmdConfirm. Visible = False txtUser. Enabled = False txtPass. Enabled = False Call loadDB Else MsgBox † Incorrect username or password. Please try again! â€Å", vbExclamation, â€Å"Administrator† txtPass. Text = â€Å"† txtUser. Text = â€Å"† xtUser. SetFocus End If End Sub Sub loadDB() ListView1. ListItems. Clear Set RSpark = New ADODB. Rec ordset RSpark. Open â€Å"select * from tblPark†, CON, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic With RSpark Do While Not . EOF Set k = ListView1. ListItems. Add(, , ! Date) k. SubItems(1) = ! PlateNo k. SubItems(2) = ! TimeIn k. SubItems(3) = ! TimeOut k. SubItems(4) = ! SlotNo .MoveNext Loop End With End Sub Private Sub cmdDelete_Click() If x = 0 Then Exit Sub Dim d As Integer d = 1 If MsgBox(â€Å"Warning! Are you sure you want to delete this data? â€Å", vbYesNo, â€Å"Data Removal†) = vbYes Then Set RSpark = New ADODB. RecordsetRSpark. Open â€Å"select * from tblPark†, CON, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic If RSpark. RecordCount ; 0 Then Do While Not RSpark. EOF If x = d Then RSpark. Delete adAffectCurrent RSpark. Update x = 0 lblDB. Caption = â€Å"† End If d = d + 1 RSpark. MoveNext Loop End If Call loadDB Call frmMain. DataPut Call frmMain. Check Else Cancel = 1 End If End Sub Private Sub Form_Load() Me. Icon = LoadPicture(App. Path ; â€Å"ParkMe. icoâ⠂¬ ) x = 0 End Sub Private Sub Form_Unload(Cancel As Integer) Unload Me frmMain. Enabled = True frmMain. Show vbModeless End Sub Private Sub ListView1_ItemClick(ByVal Item As MSComctlLib. ListItem) x = ListView1.SelectedItem. Index lblDB. Caption = â€Å"Database line † ; x End Sub frmReport______________________________________________________________ Dim RStemp As ADODB. Recordset Dim CRrep As CRAXDRT. Report Dim CRapp As CRAXDRT. Application Dim sel1, sel2, hold, mn, dy, yr As String Dim d, d1, d2, m, m1, m2, y, y1, y2, fin As Variant Dim pay As Single Private Sub cmdView_Click() On Error GoTo Err If lblMV1. Caption = â€Å"† Or lblMV2. Caption = â€Å"† Then MsgBox â€Å"Please select the appropriate date of report you want to display. â€Å", vbInformation, â€Å"Report Advisory† Exit Sub ElseIf m1 ; m2 And y1 = y2 Or y1 ; y2 Or m1 = m2 And y1 = y2And d1 ; d2 Then MsgBox â€Å"Invalid date range! Please select the appropriate range of date. †Å", vbExclamation, â€Å"Report Advisory† Exit Sub End If lblLoad. Caption = â€Å">> Loading†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. † Screen. MousePointer = vbHourglass Set RStemp = New ADODB. Recordset RStemp. Open â€Å"select * from tblTemp†, CON, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic If RStemp. RecordCount ; 0 Then Do While Not RStemp. EOF RStemp. Delete adAffectCurrent RStemp. Update RStemp. MoveNext Loop End If If Me. Caption = â€Å"Car List Report† Then Set CRrep = CRapp. OpenReport(App. Path ; â€Å"CarList. rpt†) ElseIf Me. Caption = â€Å"Income Report† Then Set CRrep = CRapp.OpenReport(App. Path ; â€Å"Income. rpt†) End If Set RSpark = New ADODB. Recordset Set RStemp = New ADODB. Recordset RSpark. Open â€Å"select * from tblPark†, CON, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic RStemp. Open â€Å"select * from tblTemp†, CON, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic pay = 0 pay = Format(pay, â€Å"#####0. 00†³) Do While Not RSpark. EOF d = Left(RSpark! Date, 2) m = Mid(RSpark! Date, 4, 2) y = Right(rsparkDate, 4) If y1 = y2 Then If m1 = m2 And d = d1 And d = d2 And m = m1 And m = m2 Or _ m1 = m2 And m = m1 And m = m2 And d1 ;; d2 And d ;= d1 And d ;= d2 Or _ m1 ;; m2 And m = m1 And d ;= d1 Or _ 1 ;; m2 And m ; m1 And m ; m2 Or _ m1 ;; m2 And m = m2 And d ;= d2 And y = y1 Then RStemp. AddNew dy = Left(RSpark! Date, 2) mn = Mid(RSpark! Date, 4, 2) Call month yr = Right(RSpark! Date, 4) hold = dy ; † † ; mn ; † † ; yr RStemp! Date = hold RStemp! PlateNo = RSpark! PlateNo RStemp! TimeIn = RSpark! TimeIn RStemp! TimeOut = RSpark! TimeOut RStemp! SlotNo = RSpark! SlotNo RStemp! TimePark = RSpark! TimePark RStemp! Amount = RSpark! Amount RStemp. Update pay = pay + RSpark! Amount End If ElseIf y1 ; y2 Then If m1 ;; m2 And m = m1 And d ;= d1 Or _ 1 ;; m2 And m ; m1 Or _ m1 ;; m2 And m1 ; m And m ; m2 Or _ m1 ;; m2 And m = m2 And d ;= d2 Or _ m1 = m2 And m = m1 And d ;= d1 Or _ m1 = m2 And m ; m1 Or _ m1 = m2 And m ; m2 Or _ m1 = m2 And m = m2 And d ;= d2 And y ; y1 Then RStemp. AddNew dy = Left(RSpark! Date, 2) mn = Mid(RSpark! Date, 4, 2) Call month yr = Right(RSpark! Date, 4) hold = dy ; † † ; mn ; † † ; yr RStemp! Date = hold RStemp! PlateNo = RSpark! PlateNo RStemp! TimeIn = RSpark! TimeIn RStemp! TimeOut = RSpark! TimeOut RStemp! SlotNo = RSpark! SlotNo RStemp! TimePark = RSpark! TimeParkRStemp! Amount = RSpark! Amount RStemp. Update pay = pay + RSpark! Amount End If End If RSpark. MoveNext Loop fin = Format(pay, â€Å"#####0. 00†) If Me. Caption = â€Å"Income Report† Then CRrep. Sections(4). ReportObjects(â€Å"crtxtTotal†). SetText fin End If If lblMV1. Caption = lblMV2. Caption Then fin = lblMV1. Caption Else fin = lblMV1. Caption ; † – † ; lblMV2. Caption End If CRrep. Sections(1). ReportObjects(â€Å"crtxtDate†). SetText fin CRrep. Database. Tables(1). SetDataSource RStemp Screen. MousePointer = vbHourglass CRVie wer91. ReportSource = CRrep CRViewer91. ViewReport Screen. MousePointer = vbDefault lblLoad.Caption = â€Å"† Err: End Sub Sub month() Select Case mn Case â€Å"01† mn = â€Å"Jan† Case â€Å"02† mn = â€Å"Feb† Case â€Å"03† mn = â€Å"Mar† Case â€Å"04† mn = â€Å"Apr† Case â€Å"05† mn = â€Å"May† Case â€Å"06† mn = â€Å"Jun† Case â€Å"07† mn = â€Å"Jul† Case â€Å"08† mn = â€Å"Aug† Case â€Å"09† mn = â€Å"Sep† Case â€Å"10† mn = â€Å"Oct† Case â€Å"11† mn = â€Å"Nov† Case â€Å"12† mn = â€Å"Dec† End Select End Sub Private Sub Form_Load() Me. Icon = LoadPicture(App. Path ; â€Å"ParkMe. i