Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Jane Is An Undergraduate Student At A Private University

Jane is currently an undergraduate student at a private university. She is currently twenty-one years old, and grew up in a small community on Cape Cod, Massachusetts where she has lived her entire life. Jane has two older sisters, who, for the purpose of this study who will be referred to as Eliza and Alex. Eliza is seven years older than Jane, with a husband and child of her own,. Alex is four years older than Jane, and has a form of down syndrome. Because of her disability, Alex often requires constant attention from her parents, and even still lives at home. Jane’s mother, while physically present her entire life, has been absent for a lot of big events in Jane’s life. She has had issues with substance abuse in the past, and in return, has never really been fully involved in Jane’s life. Jane has stated that she feels as though her mother is cold, and distant to her, and has missed important milestones in her life, such as working through Jane’s high s chool graduation. Still, Jane’s mother is still part of Jane’s life, as she is still married to Jane’s father, and lives in the same home. In a sharp contrast to her mother, however, Jane’s father is very involved with Jane’s life. He is actively involved in all aspects of Jane’s life, including her intimate relationships. Jane is almost always in contact with her father, and very dependent on him for emotional support, and even complete financial support while she is away for school. Jane has stated frequently howShow MoreRelatedSexual Assault On Campus : Opposing Viewpoints Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesViewpoints. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 17 Oct. 2016. The article introduces sexual assault to readers as a problem that is in line with other forms of violence such as domestic violence, dating violence and stalking. It gives a figure of 19% undergraduate women who have reported a complete or attempted sexual assault while in campus and worth noting is that in most of the incidences, the victims knew the perpetrators, who also feature in other related crimes. In the article, high sexual prime ofRead MoreCourse outline GEO7933080 Words   |  13 PagesStudies. The course is not available to students in the Geographic Analysis Program and in the Urban and Regional Planning Program ***Faculty Course Surveys will be conducted online between 20 March and 30 March 2015 *** Course Description: Founded in 1793 by John Graves Simcoe as the Town of York, capital of Upper Canada, Toronto has emerged over two centuries to become one of the most important cities in the world. This course has been designed to provide students with an understanding of the geographicalRead MoreParking problems on campus4353 Words   |  18 PagesResearch______________________________________________________viii Student surveys__________________________________________________viii Interview_______________________________________________________viii Secondary Research ____________________________________________________viii Alternative System Research________________________________________viii Primary Research Results______________________________________________________x Students Surveys Result___________________________________________________x Read MoreScope and Limitations of Student Information System9805 Words   |  40 PagesSTUDENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS: 2008-2009 MANUAL Student Academic Affairs Office College of Education University of Illinois August 4, 2008 Prepared by Heather L. Johnson Baseler Technical Information Specialist ii SIS Manual: 2008-2009 T ABLE OF CONTENTS ABOUT STUDENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (SIS) ..............................................................VII BACKGROUND ..........................................................................................................................Read MoreSingle Sex vs Mixed School5702 Words   |  23 PagesSingle-sex education, also known as  single-gender education, is the practice of conducting  education  where male and female students attend separate  classes  or in separate buildings or  schools. The practice was predominant before the mid-twentieth century, particularly insecondary education  and  higher education. Single-sex education in many cultures is advocated on the basis of tradition, as well as religion and is practiced in many parts of the world. |Contents Read MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 PagesOhio Wesleyan Writing Center Founded University Promoting1955 as a hallmark of liberal arts education writing Writing Guidelines Statements of Purpose From the OWU Writing Center in the Sagan Academic Resource Center The OWU Writing Center Corns 316 ââ€" ª (740-368-3925) ââ€" ª http://writing.owu.edu ââ€" ª open Monday-Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Ohio Wesleyan University Writing Center  © 2011 Writing Guidelines for Statements of Purpose Contents Writing Your Statement of Purpose ..........Read MoreSelf Medication Practices in a Rural Filipino Community21296 Words   |  86 PagesUNIVERSITY OF SAINT LOUIS TUGUEGARAO TUGUEGARAO CITY, CAGAYAN College Of Health and Allied Sciences Master Of Science In Nursing Major In Adult Health Nursing In fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Master of Science in Nursing Major in Adult Health Nursing Factors Affecting The Prevalence Of Self Medication Using Commercial Drugs In A Rural Filipino Family For The Course Research II With Statistics Presented by: Elaiza Joy M. Claravall Hazel Faith W. Cortel Read MoreGrading System Rationale6250 Words   |  25 PagesGrading Systems - SCHOOL, HIGHER EDUCATION Tweet students grades teachers learning ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Search All U.S. Universities Bottom of Form ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form SCHOOL Thomas R. Guskey HIGHER EDUCATION Howard R. Pollio SCHOOL Few issues have created more controversy among educators than those associated with grading and reporting student learning. Despite the many debates and multitudes ofRead MoreLeadership5482 Words   |  22 PagesUniversity of Florida Levin College of Law UF Law Scholarship Repository Faculty Publications Faculty Scholarship 2013 Leadership and Followership Robert H. Jerry II University of Florida Levin College of Law, jerryr@law.ufl.edu Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/facultypub Recommended Citation Robert H. Jerry, II, Leadership and Followership, 44 U. Tol. L. Rev. 345 (2013), available at http://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/facultypub/ 366 This ArticleRead MoreMultiple Intelligences Seminar and Workshop14464 Words   |  58 Pagestheory help students learn better? 8. How can I find out more about M.I. theory? PART II – Demonstration 1. Seeing MI in action 2. What do M.I. lesson plans look like? 3. Poll PART III – Exploration 1. How will we explore multiple intelligences theory in the classroom? 2. How do I apply multiple intelligences (M.I.) theory in my classroom? 3. What are some simple ways to get started? 4. What are some of the challenges I may face? 5. How do I assess students progress

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

God according to Crimes and Misdemeanors Essay - 806 Words

God is always watching. This is what the first couple of scenes in Woody Allen’s movie Crimes and Misdemeanors would seem to imply but as the movie continues its message about god and a just universe flips back and forth as events go unpunished or the good go unrewarded. God and who god is are the main themes of this movie and as the movie progresses each character shapes his beliefs of god on what happens as they live their life. A main character, Judah, an ophthalmologist who runs into some issues and takes the unmoral path, struggles with his idea of god throughout the entire movie. The other poignant character played by Woody Allen, is Cliff Stern whom is an aspiring documentary director making his masterpiece about a philosopher†¦show more content†¦All this comes together to show that Judah’s view of god in the beginning is a distant one and one that does not interfere with the world. The god Judah perceives quickly changes into a very present and wr athful god when the woman involved with Judah in an affair, Dolores, is murdered as Judah arranged through his mobster brother. Suddenly god becomes very present for Judah in the form of him having to bear his conscious and he becomes fearful of god. Judah now sees god as he was taught by his very religious father to see god—watching, judging and unforgiving. This becomes too much for Judah and his life becomes burdened by his thoughts and he awaits the day of his judgment when his life is ruined and he is discovered. This judgment that Judah awaits is something that he realizes is a construct of his own mind as time goes on and nothing happens to him and the murder is never linked to him. At this point Judah is relieved of his stress and conscious is cleared. God no longer a concern and as far as Judah is concerned, doesn’t exist. He faces no consequences and is free from concern. It is at this point that Judah crosses paths with Cliff Stern, Woody Allen, at a party and he gives him a â€Å"hypothetical† situation that is actually his situation in real life. Cliff is inShow MoreRelatedLetter From Birmingham Jail By Dr. King937 Words   |  4 Pagesdistinction between â€Å"just† and â€Å"unjust† laws, further advocating his beliefs. Dr. King defines the two different laws in his interpretation of what they actually mean in society. A just law is a human-made code that squares with the moral law or the law of God. In other words, a law that can uplift the personality of an individual is a law that is just. Also, citizens also have their moral responsibility in a constitutional democratic society to obey and abide by the laws of the country. In comparison toRead MoreThe Republicn and a Brief History of Philosphy1763 Words   |  7 Pagesin the world. These themes and ideas were not just something that once occurred and then no one thought of again. These themes still play a role in everyday life, some more predominate then others but apparent just the same. In the film Crimes and Misdemeanors the view is introduced to a group of people with all different struggles. As the movie progresses the characters dive deeper into their hardships, and some may never be able to get out of them. This film deals with many of the ideas that PlatoRead MoreThe norms of a society and the way it functions can be reflected in its legal system. This notion600 Words   |  3 PagesThe norms of a society and the way it functions can be reflected in its legal system. This notion is significant to Hrafnkel’s Saga as it helps put the death of Einar into perspective. According to Professor Wen, the saga portrays a bloody and messy period of transition between a premodern honor culture and a modern system of law. The legal system of this era reflec ts a stark contrast from the laws and constitutions of today. In the narrative, Hrafnkel executes Einar for disobeying his orders toRead MoreAnalysis Of Inferno By Dante Alighieri1583 Words   |  7 Pagesidea of justice through the belief that with each action arise a consequence. What you sin above ground, you deal with under. Through this he gives examples of the sins done and the punishment that is inflicted from doing such thing as a disgrace to God. All through Dantes imagination and his views as to how it should be done, there is a punishment for each area of sin committed which is why a person who bribes will be in the further in the level of hell, as compared to someone who has killed an innocentRead MoreThe Effects Of Torture On The Society Of Modern Technology1489 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition of torture, rather a separation in it’s meaning. According to Daniel Mannix, author of The History of Torture: â€Å"The oldest known written death sentence is Egyptian, part of the Amherst papers written in 1500 B.C. The criminal was condemned to death for magical practices and ordered to commit suicide† (20). Punishments for Egyptian crimes ranged from flogging in misdemeanors to being rolled naked in thorns and then burned for crimes such as parricide. In the biblical law of the Mosaic CodeRead MoreLaw Code of Hammurabi1491 Words   |  6 Pageson this earth. They all have beginning. It’s very interesting to see where things got started. How we came to evolve to the way we are today. Everything is so interesting, but the thing that has caught my attention more is The Code of Hammurabi. According to Judith Levin, The Code of Hammurabi was discovered in the winter of 1902 and 1903 while digging up the site of ancient city of Susa, present day Iran. They found three large shiny pieces of shiny black stone that formed a monument almost sevenRead MoreThe Incarceration Rate Of The United States1370 Words   |  6 PagesOnce upon a time, Americans could proudly say that America was the land of freedom and opportunity. As the Pledge of Allegiance states, â€Å"One nation under God, Indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.† However, under the current criminal justice system, more and more people lose their liberties be cause of the crimes they have committed. According to Roy Walmsley, a consultant of the United Nations and Associate of the International Center for prison studies, â€Å"In October 2013, the incarceration rateRead MoreThe Incarceration Rate Of The United States1543 Words   |  7 PagesOnce upon a time, Americans could proudly say that America was the land of freedom and opportunity. As the Pledge of Allegiance states, â€Å"One nation under God, Indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.† However, under the current criminal justice system, more and more people lose their liberties because of the crimes they have committed. According to Roy Walmsley, a consultant of the United Nations and Associate of the International Center for prison studies, â€Å"In October 2013, the incarceration rateRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Torture1457 Words   |  6 Pagesdifference, there is no true definition of torture, rather a separation in its meaning. According to Daniel Mannix, author of The History of Torture: â€Å"The oldest known written death sentence is Egyptian, part of the Amherst papers written in 1500 B.C. The criminal was condemned to death for magical practices and ordered to commit suicide.† Punishments for Egyptian crimes ranged from flogging in misdemeanors to being rolled naked in thorns and then burned for parricide, which is the killing of aRead MoreChinua Achebes Things Fall Apart1601 Words   |  7 Pages During the mid 1800s and 1900s, the continent of Africa was being invaded by European superpower nations such as Great Britain, France, and others. The proper act was named as Colonialism which according to my lecture notes means: â€Å"a racially based system of political, economical, and cultural domination forced on an indigenous majority by a technological superior foreign minority† (Zeitler). For instance, many European nations enforced imperialism on the continent of Africa because of its recently

Monday, December 9, 2019

Foundations of Management and Principles †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Foundations of Management and Principles. Answer: Classicalmanagement theorist Henry Fayol and Frederick Taylor identified themanagement principles for the success of the companies. Themanagement thinkers believe that these approaches are flexible in nature and do not consider the environmental changes. The Research conducted in between 1960s and 1970s is based on situational factors that affected the suitable organization and the proper leadership styles depending upon different situations. The contingency perspective is applied to different aspects of management. There has been development of contingency approaches outside organization theory and leadership theory. The essay provides an insight of the contingency perspective relevant to organization theory and leadership. The contingency approach of management is based on the idea that there no one best way to manage an organization, the effective planning, organizing, lading, controlling is manage as per the needs of the organization. The contingency approach assumes that there i s no universal answer to the questions related to organizational structure. It is due to the fact that the organizational structure keeps changing as per the time and the business environment. Thus it is important to evaluate the complex variety of environment to understand the environment. The business environment is subject to change depending upon the uncertainty, work technology, and the size of a company is all identified as environmental factors. As per the contingency theory the stable environment suggests that the organization is emphasizing on centralization, formalization, standardization. Certainty and predictability allows use of rules, regulations, and measures to direct judgment making for regular purpose. The unstable business environment suggests organic structure that focuses on decentralization to achieve flexibility. The uncertainty in the organization should be dealt with high accuracy. This involves non-routine tasks and problem. The organization working in a different environment requires an effective working environment to sort out the differences. There is a greater need of coordination between the units in order to avoid differences. The organizational size is one of the important factors impacting the effectiveness in an organization. The small sized organizations are more informal against the large sized organization. The owner of small sized organization can directly keep a check over the activities taking place in the organization. Large sized business organization has more complex environment and is based on divisional structure. The large size business organizations need to develop strategies in a manner that help in managing the organization. The customer diversity and the globalization have caused difference in the implication. The overall process of carrying out a job is different in terms of managing an organization. There are various cultural differences causing a change in overall applicability of managerial principles. The availability of support provided by the organization has an influence over the organizational growth. Economic condition in various other contingencies in the environment is the re ason behind the difference in the managerial practice is due to different organizational strategies. In order to attain long term goals it is advisable to incorporate effective managerial practice through different approaches. The availability of support institutions and availability of cost financial resources is important from the point of view of the long term sustainability. Modern business organization is highly depending on the various different business practices in order to attain desired results. It is very difficult for the modern organizations to be dependent on the single business activity. There is a necessity to keep an alternate plan in order to attain desired results. The ability to change the organization and to manage the managerial activities is now considered as a core activity by various business organizations it is reflected through number of books and articles. There is no single approach that can be use by the business organization in order to manage activities in a flexible environment. There is arguments relation to the different approach as managed by the business organizations in order to run the organization efficiently. This is one of the major purposes followed by the business organization. Large sized business organization need to deploy effective activities that will allow the organization to attain objectives. The unstable business environment suggests organic structure that focuses on decentralization to achieve flexibility. The uncertainty in the organization should be dealt with high accuracy. This involves non-routine tasks and problem. The business environment is unstable that requires proper supervision. In such a situation it is recommended that the business organizations need to imply the activities in an effective way. This is however necessary for an individual to attain efficiency by enabling results. The importance of current business scenario is to keep an alternate plan in as of contingencies. The business environment is contingent and it requires implementation of effective business plan. The success of an individual organization is largely dependent upon various contingent factors. It is important in a business organization Flexibility in business environment need to be dealt with efficiency. An organization needs to keep an alternate plan so that in case of failure of one plan they can go for another plan. The purpose of diverse business activities is to earn desired result. the organizations are subject to change due to difference in business practices. The dynamic business activities in the environment is important from the point of viw of changes taking place in the organization. a business organization cannot exist withot incorporating changes. It is effective for a business organization to implement a model that can work efficiently in the changing business scenario The business can be managed efctively through business practice that can be carried by opting an effective business plan. In a diversifie business it is howeer essential to develop efficient strategies so that an individual can gain the advantage . the strategic avantage can only be gained if the organization is able to develop effective business practice. There should be more acceptability between the business principles and procedure an the business activities. it is highly ecommended by the business professional to accept an activity that promotes utilization of businss activites that are wo

Sunday, December 1, 2019

The Women who made their marks in the History of Space Travel Essay Example

The Women who made their marks in the History of Space Travel Essay Space travel indeed is the utmost adventure ever to ignite the interest of the human race to explore the unknown.   It is their chance to explore the moon, the planets, the stars and beyond.   Giant rockets lift off with roaring blast of orange flame.   They reach for the blue skies and leave a trail of white line.   They are headed into space where the vast skies above them are all black.   The only light that shines are that of the guiding stars which look down upon them. Astronauts and cosmonauts gamble their lives in the look out for information about the earth, moon, planets, stars and the effects of weightlessness on human beings and other living things.   The National Aeronautics and Space Administration or NASA chooses two kinds of astronauts for space flights – pilot astronauts and mission specialists.   Pilot astronauts command and control spacecraft.   Mission specialists take care of the spacecraft and its equipment, conducts tests, puts into orbit the satellites and carries out the other activities (Hamilton, 2001). The space shuttle was the first manned spacecraft intended to be reusable.   It allows space flights to be scheduled on a routine basis.   On a typical mission, the shuttle rockets into space with its crew, remains in orbit for about a week, and then lands on the earth like an airplane.   It can be ready for another flight in about four weeks (Imaginova Corporation, 2008). (Photo of a space shuttle. KTB, â€Å"Space Shuttle,† 2008) We will write a custom essay sample on The Women who made their marks in the History of Space Travel specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Women who made their marks in the History of Space Travel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Women who made their marks in the History of Space Travel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The space shuttles were designed to carry artificial satellites, space probes, and other heavy loads into orbit around the earth.   Other spacecraft can launch such objects, but only the space shuttle can be reused.   Each shuttle was intended to be used more then 100 times.   In addition to launch operations, the shuttles can recover artificial satellites that need repair.   Satellites that cannot be repaired in space can be brought back to the Earth and then sends – off again after they are serviced.   The shuttle also could permit astronauts to create and maintain manned space stations and solar power stations in earth orbit (Imaginova Corporation, 2008). The first woman in space, cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova, made 45 revolutions around the earth in 1963.   Twenty years later, astronaut Sally K. Ride became the first American woman in space.   In June 1983, Ride orbited the earth with four other crew members on a six – day mission aboard the space shuttle Challenger (Hamilton, 2001). During the early years of the space age, success in space became a measure of a country’s leadership in science, engineering and national defense.   As a result, the United States and the Soviet Union competed with one another in developing their space programs.   Each of them, for example, sought to build better rockets and spacecrafts than the other in order to reach the moon initially (Hamilton, 2001). Many people tried to compare the space accomplishments of the United States and the Soviet Union to see which country was â€Å"ahead.†Ã‚   But differences in the two space programs made comparisons difficult.   In the early 1960’s, the Soviet Union had powerful rockets that could launch heavy spacecraft on long flights.   But the United States led in the number of scientific spacecraft that it had launched, and in such fields as communication and weather – reporting by satellite (Hamilton, 2001). By the early 1970’s, U.S. astronauts had landed on the moon.   Unmanned Soviet spacecraft had explored the moon and brought soil samples to the earth.   Manned exploration of the moon by the United States ended in 1972.   Both countries experimented with manned space stations that orbited the earth.   Nevertheless, both nations began to realize that they could benefit from working together on selected scientific projects (Hamilton, 2001). Geraldyn â€Å"Jerrie† M. Cobb Geraldyn Cobb did not wait too long to earn her achievements.   Starting young, she already been receiving recognitions for the things people her age or even older can only dream to have accomplished.   While kids her age were kept busy by concerns regarding school and the adolescent life, they young Jerrie is set to leave her mark in history (About.com, 2008). (Photo of astronaut Geraldyn Cobb. Womenfly, â€Å"Jerrie Cobb,† 2008) Aboard the backseat of the 1936 model open – cockpit Waco biplane piloted by Lieutenant Colonel William H. Cobb, his daughter, Jerrie, then just 12 years of age was launched into her maiden flight.   At the tender age of 16, Jerrie received her license as a private pilot from the Oklahoma City Classen High School.   Her license as a commercial pilot on the other hand was bestowed upon her when she turned eighteen.   Not so long after, she has also earned her Flight Instructor Rating among other accomplishments (About.com, 2008). Cobb’s romance with a co – pilot met its tragic conclusion after his airplane blasted over the depths of the Pacific.   Theirs was a romance that lasted for only about three years.   Nonetheless, Cobb’s career as a commercial pilot made it possible for her to establish various world records of altitude and speed.   She made history aboard the airplanes constructed by the Aero Design and Engineering Company.   The Oklahoma – based company dubbed their airplanes as the Aero Commanders (About.com, 2008). Wally Funk (Photo of astronaut Wally Funk. Heroines in Aviation, â€Å"Photo of Wally Funk,† 2008) The year was 1961 when Toas, New Mexico’s Wally Funk was lined up together with 12 other women to join the â€Å"Women in Space† program.   The women came to be called the Mercury 13.   Unfortunately, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration cancelled the program at the latter part of the same year.   Two years after the sad plight of the Mercury 13 women, cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova of the Soviet Union flew into space.   Nevertheless, the women of the United States did not lose heart to fulfill their dreams of flying into space.   It took several years for this dream to be realized.   Come the year 1983 when astronaut Sally Ride made history by tearing down the barrier that denied access for women to explore the universe.   This was the sex barrier that hindered Funk and the rest of the American women of their supposed maiden voyage into space.   Ride flew into space via the Challenger STS – 7 to fulfill the mission and dream she shar es with Funk and company (Burbank, 2003). Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova (Photo of cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkva. BHTimes, â€Å"Valentina Tereshkova,† 2008) The Vostok was the first manned spacecraft of the Soviet Union.   From the year 1961 until 1963, there has been a total of six Vostok spacecrafts that took off into space.   Each of these six vehicles carried one cosmonaut per voyage.   This spacecraft were designed to perfect the technology of spacecraft and also to examine the reactions of the human being to space exploration (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2006). The first woman ever to set her foot into space was a cosmonaut by the name of Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova.   The Soviet Union’s Tereshkova flew into space via the Vostok 6 that went into orbit on the sixteenth day of June in the year 1963.   Her flight lasted almost three whole days.   In this voyage, Tereshkova did not just earned pride for her country but represented the women from the rest of the globe proving that women can do what other’s believe can only made possible by the male of species.   For a woman who holds no experience in pilot testing, Tereshkova making history is really astounding.   Aboard the Vostok V1, Tereshkova was able to revolve around the earth for 45 times.   Another space flight that carried Vallery F. Bykovsky, also a Soviet cosmonaut was in orbit at the same time as Tereshkova.   Bykovsky was launched two days earlier than Terehskova.   He took off into space for a 70 – hour and 50 – minute space flight that begun on the sixteenth day until the nineteenth day of June in the year 1963.   An approximate distance of 3 miles separated the vechiles carrying Bykovsky and Tereshkova during the mission.   The dual mission was carried out for the purpose of concurrently observing the reactions of a man and woman soaring in space, as the Soviet officials would have it (Wade, 2007; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2006). Tereshkova made a single orbit around the earth for every 88 minutes during the mission that changed the history of space travel.   The highest point in the orbit refereed to as the apogee lifted Tereshkova at approximately 130 above the earth.   On the other hand, she was about 108 above the earth at the perigee or the lowest point in orbit.   The spacecraft that made a it possible for Tereshkova to fulfill her historical mission was maneuver by manual controls (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2006). Sally Kristen Ride Sally Kristen Ride aboard the STS – 7, which took off to explore the space on the eighteenth day until the twenty – fourth day of June in the year 1983 became the first American woman to reach the space.   The STS – 7 was the seventh space shuttle mission launched by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.   This exploration placed Ride among the top three women to reach the space joining the ranks of the Soviet Union’s Valentina Tereshkova and Svetlana Savitskaya.   Tereshkova landed into space aboard the Vostok 6 while Savitskaya’s voyage into space happened on the nineteenth day of August in the year 1982 aboard the Soyuz T –7 (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2006). Sally Kristen Ride was a United States astronaut who became the first American woman to travel in space.   In June 1983, she and astronaut Robert L. Crippen, John M. Fabian, Frederick H. Hauck and Norman E. Thagard made a six – day flight on the space shuttle Challenger (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2006). (Photo of astronaut Sally Ride. ASU, â€Å"Sally Ride Science Festival,† 2008) During the mission, Ride and Fabian launched communication satellites for the Canadian and Indonesian governments and conducted experiments involving the production of pharmaceuticals.   In addition, they tested the shuttle’s remote manipulator arm.   They used the arm to release a satellite and then retrieve it and place it in the shuttle’s cargo area (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2006). Ride made her second shuttle flight in October 1984.   On this mission, she used the remote manipulator arm to launch a satellite designed to measure the sun’s effect on the earth’s weather (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2006). On January 28, 1986, Challenger exploded shortly after take – off, killing all seven members of its crew.   In February, Ride was appointed to the presidential commission that was established to investigate the accident (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2006). Kathryn â€Å"Kathy† Sullivan Kathryn Sullivan made history on the eleventh day of October in the year 1984 by being the first American woman to take part in an Extra – Vehicular Activity or EVA aboard the STS – 41 – G (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2006). (Photo of astronaut Kathryn Sullivan. NASA, â€Å"Kathryn Sullivan,† 2008) Shannon Lucid (Photo of astronaut Shannon Lucid. NASA, â€Å"Shannon Lucid,† 2008) Born in China on the fourteenth day of January in the year 1943 was Shannon Lucid who would later leave her mark in the history of space travel being as the woman who carrying the world record for the most amount of time consumed in space.   As an American astronaut, Lucid logged over 223 days in space aboard flights that amounted to a total of five throughout her career.   The year was 1985 when she first took off to space via the STS – 51 G.   This space flight set up three satellites.   This maiden flight of Lucid was followed in the year 1989 via the STS – 34 this time around.   The STS – 34 set up the spacecraft named Gallileo.   The aforementioned spacecraft set off to discover the mysteries of the planet Jupiter (Windows to Universe, 2000). Mae C. Jemison (Photo of astronaut and doctor Mae Jemison. Britannica.com, â€Å"Mae Jemison,† 2008) It was on the twelfth day of September in the year 1992 when the first African – American woman made her way to explore the universe.   Mae Jemison, an astronaut and a doctor was launched into space via the Endeavor space shuttle.   She made history being the first woman of color to be able to set her sights and actually realize of venturing the unknown world beyond the Earth (NASA Quest, 2008). As a science and mission specialist aboard the STS – 47 Spacelab J, Dr. Jemison was set for yet another space exploration.   The set mission is a collaboration of two nations specifically the U.S. and Japan.   It was a mission that lasted for about 8 days.   It was able to make 127 successful revolutions around the Earth.   The spacecraft carried with it a total of 44 resources processing and life science paraphernalia from both countries.   Jemison was tasked to be the co – investigate the bone cell research test during the voyage.   The Endeavor took off and landed back at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida with the rest of its crew all safe and sound.   In her maiden flight, Dr. Jemison was able to register a total of 190 hours and 30 minutes of time spent in space (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993). She is dedicated in making sure that the people of the United States, regardless on sex, race and ethnic diversity are very well represented especially in the science and technology fields of study.   Dr. Jemison support all people particularly the women and those who belong to the cultural minority to chase their preferred careers at all costs (NASA Quest, 2008). Being a promoter of science and technology that she is, Dr. Jemison is working on enhancing the reputation being projected by the scientists.   She proposes something fresh and revolutionary to the scientific field: a mixture of both the hard and social sciences.   In the scientific world that we are in today, it is necessary that the scientist is aware, alarmed and active not just within his field but also in the society where he belongs.   Moreover, it is of significant importance that the people have a tight grasp of how the sciences and the technological advancements it brings with it are able to impact the world they live in.   The Jemison Group, Inc. which she founded exists to explore, build on and execute sophisticated technologies tailor made to fit perfectly into the overall framework of a person particularly the progressing world encompassing the economic, social, cultural and political respects all together (NASA Quest, 200). Judith Arlene Resnik (Photo of astronaut Judy Resnik. Space Facts, â€Å"Judy Resnik,† 2008) January 28, 1986 was one fateful date in all of space history.   It was when tragedy struck the shuttle mission’s 25th manned flight as the Challenger space shuttle exploded shortly after its liftoff.   This unfortunate event caused the suspension of the space shuttle fleets scheduled prior to the accident.   It has also forced the engineers to do a major redesign of the different components of the spacecraft.   The launch of the Discovery on the 29th day of September in the year 1988 marked the successful resumption of the space shuttle program (Time Inc., 2008). (Photo of astronaut Judith Resnik. Space Facts, â€Å"Judith Resnik,† 2008) Judith Arlene Resnik perhaps was the most stanch and indomitable astronaut, man or woman ever to come into uniform in the history of space exploration.   The year was 1994 when doctor and astronaut Resnik took off to her maiden flight to space via the space shuttle Discovery.   As the mission specialist for the said voyage, she was tasked to work on the remote – control arm of the spaceship.   Her task also included the examinations of the solar power by means of a solar sail measuring at about 102 feet in height (Time Inc., 2008). It was aboard the STS 41 – D that Resnik made her maiden voyage as a mission specialist.   The spacecraft was lifted off to space on the thirtieth day of August in the year 1984 at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, United States of America.   It carried the crew on a mission that lasted for seven days.   During the mission, the OAST – 1 solar cell wing test was successfully set into motion.   STS 41 – D’s mission to space also set up three satellites namely the TELSTAR 3 – C, SBS – D and the SYNCOM IV – 2.   In addition, it activated the CFES – III project, the undergraduate crystal growth project and the cinematography tests utilizing the motion picture camera called the IMAX.  Ã‚   The STS 41 – D was dubbed as the â€Å"Icebusters† since they proved to be a success in eliminating the orbiter off the harmful ice particles utilizing the remote manipulator system.   The spacecraft was able to make 9 6 successful revolutions around the Earth before heading back on the fifth day of September in the year 1984 at the Edwards Air Force Base in California.   Throughout the course of her career, Resnik was able to register a total of 144 hours and 57 minutes of time spent in space (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2003). Resnik’s initial mission as an astronaut and a mission specialist was aboard the orbiter Discovery.   She took off into via the spacecraft that made a total of 96 revolutions around the Earth.   It was her first outer space exploration.   The Discovery mission made it possible for Resnik to be the second U.S. woman in space following the lead of Sally Ride (The Astronuats Memorial Foundation, 2007). At yet another chance to set off for space, luck was not anymore on Resnik’s side.   As the Challenger STS 51 –L exploded just a minute and thirteen seconds following its lift off.   Resnik met the face of death on the twenty – eight day of January in the year 1986.   All of 36 years old, she made the supreme sacrifice and while she breathed her last while in the service of the country and the shuttle program doing what she does best (The Astronauts Memorial Foundation, 2007). Among other assignments, she was meant to aid in capturing the Halley’s comment in photo.   At the time of her death, a ring and a locket in the shape of a heart was seen by her side.   The two items was believed to be for her nephew and niece.   For a Judy Resnik, peril is just about another unfamiliar ground that must be sought and mastered.   Just like the rest of the Jews who came before her, Judith â€Å"Judy† Resnik will live in the legacy as one of those who attempted and successfully contributed to the advancement of their country.   Her life is but a significant reminder of the noble deed she dared to deliver even at her own expense (Brody, 2008). Eileen Marie Collins United States of America Force Lieutenant Eileen Marie Collins carries one too many firsts under her belt.   Collins was the first woman chosen to pilot a space shuttle.   Also, as if luck never left her side, Collins was able to make another history by being the first woman commander of a space shuttle (NASA Quest, 2007). (Photo of astronaut Eileen Collins. Embassy of France in the US, â€Å"Eileen Collins,† 2008) Hopes were on high for a space shuttle to fulfill the mission that was formerly placed under the shoulders of the fateful Columbia mission.   The tragedy put an end to the lives of all of seven of its crew aboard Columbia.   Collins was tasked to be the space shuttle commander that took off of to be the first space shuttle following the tragedy of the 2003 Columbia mission.   Collins’ voyage was thought out to signal to the potential of manned space explorations.   For the concentration of the mission was to investigate the latest protective procedures and repair measures.   The crowd cannot help but give out a breath of relief when they witnessed the successful flight back to Earth of the seven person crew aboard the shuttle on the tenth day of August in the year 2005, carrying Collins as one of them   (Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2006). Collins’ career marked several first not just for herself alone.   Her achievements left significant milestone throughout the space travel history as a whole.   The year was 1995 when she obtained the controls of the Discovery setting for herself and for the women the world over a record as the first space shuttle pilot.   The space shuttle by definition is a manned spacecraft at short operations utilized to carry crews and equipment into orbit to deliver a certain function.   The Discovery launched in the year 1995 carried with itself the task to recover an astronomy satellite.   Such satellite is a device that travels around in space and transmits lucid cosmological images back to the Earth for purposes of examination (Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2006). The historical mission of Collins the lasted for eight days of February in the year 1995 catapulted her mark in not just the space travel but in the American women’s history as well.  Ã‚   Her Discovery mission incorporated the maiden tryst with the Mir.   The Mir, which means â€Å"peace,† is the Soviet Union’s space station.   It was a mission as Collins put it that mark the initial baby leaps into the global space collaboration of the two nations who initially raced to discover the world beyond the Earth (National Women’s Hall of Fame, 2008). Aboard the STS – 93 which was the first space shuttle commanded by a woman, Collins took off to space on this voyage from the twenty – third day until the twenty – seventh day of July in the year 1999.   The STS – 114 that launched into space on the twenty sixth day of July in the year 2005 also had Collins as its commander.   Piloting the STS – 63, the first space shuttle led by a woman took her for a space exploration from the third day until the eleventh day of February in the year 1995.   She piloted back to the earth aboard the STS – 84 (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2006). Humanity has always wanted to explore the vast horizon.   It must be a dictate of human nature to investigate the mysteries of the world and beyond. Many people believe that space exploration is a must simply because we are equipped to examine what is out there.   Flight to space has begun a long time ago and it is not headed towards an end anytime soon.   For the scientists who share humanity’s thirst and fascination for space discovery continue to seek and find the answers to the inquiries that haunt the human mind about the secrets of the universe.   They find ways to know more about the planets other than the earth as well as all the other things that exists out there.   It is an attempt to conquer the place beyond the blinding horizon into the other worlds.   It is but a challenge to human excellence and expertise as they put all efforts and even their own lives at stake to give meaning to the uncertainties of the universe at large and to know if the human rac e is not alone in the greater scheme of the cosmos. References About.com. (2008). Womens History. Retrieved March 18, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://womenshistory.about.com/library/pic/bl_p_astronauts_women.htm. Brody, S. The American – Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. (2008). Judith Resnik. Retrieved March 21, 2008, from http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Resnik.html. Burbank, S. National Geographic. (2003). Mercury 13s Wally Funk Fights for Her Place in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Space. Retrieved March 19, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/07/0709_030709_tvspacewoman.html Encyclopedia of World Biography. (2006). Eileen Collins Biography. Retrieved March 21, 2008, from http://www.notablebiographies.com/news/Ca-Ge/Collins-Eileen.html Hamilton, C.J. (2001). Space History Introduction. Retrieved March 22, 2008, from http://www.solarviews.com/eng/histintr.htm. Imaginova Corpotaion. (2008). All About the Space Shuttle. Retrieved March 22, 2008, from http://www.space.com/space-shuttle/. NASA Quest. (2007). Dr. Mae Jemison. Retrieved March 21, 2008, from http://quest.nasa.gov/women/TODTWD/jemison.bio.html. NASA Quest. (2007). Eileen Collins. Retrieved March 21, 2008, from http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/people/bios/women/ec.html. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (1993). Biographical Data. Retrieved March    19, 2008, from http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/jemison-mc.html. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2003). Biographical Data. Retrieved March    19, 2008, from http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/resnik.html. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2006). Women in Space. Retrieved March   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   18, 2008, fromhttp://history.nasa.gov/women.html. National Women’s Hall of Fame. (2008). Eileen Collins. Retrieved March 21, 2008, from http://womenshalloffame.org/women.php?action=viewoneid=41. The Astronauts Memorial Foundation. (2007). Judith A. Resnik. Retrieved March 21, 2008, from http://www.amfcse.org/honor/resnik.htm. Time Inc. (2008). Judith Resnik 1949 – 1986. Retrieved March 21, 2008, from http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960603,00.html. Wade, M. (2007). Encyclopedia Astronautica. Byvoksky. Retrieved March 22, 2008, from http://www.astronautix.com/astros/bykovsky.htm. Women in Aviation International. (2008). Women in Aviations 100 most influential women in   Ã‚  Ã‚   the aviation and aerospace industry. Retrieved March 18, 2008, from,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.wai.org/resources/100womenscript.cfm. Windows to the Universe. (2000). Shannon Lucid. Retrieved March 19, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/people/astronauts/lucid.html. Pictures 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Space. Smileland.com. (2008). Retrieved March 22, 2008, from http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.slimeland.com/images/pictures/SpaceBowling.jpgimgrefurl=http://www.slimeland.com/images/h=700w=1400sz=185hl=enstart=3tbnid=OwkhKc2wuFRuxM:tbnh=75tbnw=150prev=/images%3Fq%3Dspace%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Space Shuttle. KTB. (2008). Retrieved March 22, 2008, from http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ktb.net/~billmeco/STS114SpacePage.jpgimgrefurl=http://www.ktb.net/~billmeco/space.htmlh=381w=575sz=54hl=enstart=6tbnid=BjxD5hRQmsnKQM:tbnh=89tbnw=134prev=/images%3Fq%3Dspace%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jerrie Cobb. Womenfly. (2007). Retrieved March 22, 2008, from http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.womenfly.com/khxc/media/ccp0/prodsm/Jerrie2007sm.jpgimgrefurl=http://womenfly.com/khxc/ccp0-catshow/Aviators.htmlh=100w=100sz=4hl=enstart=38tbnid=41Jh7m1m_usQMM:tbnh=82tbnw=82prev=/images%3Fq%3Djerrie%2Bcobb%26start%3D20%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Photo of Wally Funk. Heroines in Aviation. (2008). Retrieved March 22, 2008, from http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.webswithwings.com/wcc/heroines/photos/wally.jpgimgrefurl=http://www.webswithwings.com/wcc/heroines/wally.htmlh=335w=291sz=19hl=enstart=3tbnid=oU20iamiRuv7jM:tbnh=119tbnw=103prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwally%2Bfunk%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Valentina Tereshkova. BHTimes. (2007). Retrieved March 22, 2008, from http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/e/e4/250px-Tereshkova_L,0.jpgimgrefurl=http://bhtimes.blogspot.com/2007_03_09_archive.htmlh=265w=249sz=56hl=enstart=6tbnid=Zz7Sw_OARzMATM:tbnh=112tbnw=105prev=/images%3Fq%3Dvalentina%2Btereshkova%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sally Ride Science Festival. Arizona State University. (2007). Retrieved March 22, 2008, from http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.asu.edu/news/stories/200702/images/20070220_wendylawrence.jpgimgrefurl=http://www.asu.edu/news/stories/200702/20070220_sallyride.htmh=376w=300sz=31hl=enstart=13tbnid=i0x4d2lFnbgGxM:tbnh=122tbnw=97prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsally%2Bride%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kathryn Sullivan. NASA. (2008). Retrieved March 22, 2008, from http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pd.astro.it/othersites/sc/Images/StarChild/space_level2/kathryn_sullivan_big.gifimgrefurl=http://www.pd.astro.it/othersites/sc/starchild/space_level2/kathryn_sullivan.htmlh=480w=396sz=124hl=enstart=1tbnid=s2E8ma7rVCB0MM:tbnh=129tbnw=106prev=/images%3Fq%3Dkathryn%2Bsullivan%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den. 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shannon Lucid. NASA. (2008). Retrieved March 22, 2008, from http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/newsletter/html_Mir/images/lucid.jpgimgrefurl=http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/newsletter/html_Mir/earth_science.htmh=362w=387sz=52hl=enstart=10tbnid=WIyHGHNEpcMIEM:tbnh=115tbnw=123prev=/images%3Fq%3Dshannon%2Blucid%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den. 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mae Jemison. Britannica.com. (2008). Retrieved March 22, 2008, from http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://updatecenter.britannica.com/eb/image%3FbinaryId%3D93242%26rendTypeId%3D4imgrefurl=http://updatecenter.britannica.com/art%3FassemblyId%3D87408%26type%3DAh=450w=475sz=59hl=enstart=2tbnid=hyvN8voGIJ6RQM:tbnh=122tbnw=129prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmae%2Bjemison%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den. 10.   Judith Resnik. Space Facts. (2008). Retrieved March 22, 2008, from http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.spacefacts.de/more/astronauts/photo/resnik_judith_1.jpgimgrefurl=http://www.spacefacts.de/more/astronauts/page/resnik_judith.htmh=340w=269sz=38hl=enstart=5tbnid=gTLFWdX5O-erdM:tbnh=119tbnw=94prev=/images%3Fq%3Djudy%2Bresnik%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den. 11.   Eileen Collins. Embassy of France in the United States. (2008). Retrieved March 22, 2008, from http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.info-france-usa.org/news/statmnts/1999/sts93/dcp01712.jpgimgrefurl=http://www.info-france-usa.org/news/statmnts/1999/sts93/photos.asph=480w=640sz=298hl=enstart=20tbnid=eV2netauu0CyyM:tbnh=103tbnw=137prev=/images%3Fq%3Deileen%2Bcollins%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den